Modules 3 and 4

Question 1

Biological Psychologists

Answer 1

Explore the associations between body, mind, and behavior

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

Peripheral - Autonomic

Answer 3

controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

Question 4

Peripheral - Somatic

Answer 4

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 5

Peripheral - Autonomic - Sympathetic

Answer 5

arousing, aka fight or flight

Question 6

Peripheral - Autonomic - Parasympathetic

Answer 6

calming, aka rest and digest

Question 7

Cell body

Answer 7

the cell’s life-support center

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

receive messages from other cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 10

Terminal Branches of Axon

Answer 10

form junctions with other cells

Question 11

Myelin Sheath

Answer 11

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Question 12

Neural impulse

Answer 12

action potential, electrical signal traveling down the axon

Question 13

Action potential

Answer 13

A neural impulse that travels down an axon like a wave; made up of ION exchanges moving in and out

Question 14

Sodium (NA+)

Answer 14

enters

Question 15

Potassium (K+)

Answer 15

exits

Question 16

The direction of neural impulse

Answer 16

towards axon terminals

Question 17

When does the cell send the action potential?

Answer 17

When it reaches a threshold

Question 18

How do neurons communicate?

Answer 18

The neuron receives signals from other neurons

Question 19

When the threshold is reached..

Answer 19

The action potential starts moving

Question 20

Threshold is reached when..

Answer 20

excitatory (FIRE) signals outweigh the inhibitory (don’t fire)

Question 21

Synapse

Answer 21

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Question 22

The synapse is also known as..

Answer 22

The synaptic junction or synaptic gap

Question 23

Serotonin

Answer 23

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

Question 24

Undersupply of serotonin is linked to..

Answer 24

Depression

Question 25

Dopamine

Answer 25

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Question 26

Oversupply of dopamine is linked to..

Answer 26

Schizophrenia

Question 27

Undersupply of dopamine is linked to..

Answer 27

Tremors, decreased mobility in Parkinson's disease, and ADHD

Question 28

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 28

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory

Question 29

ACh neurons deteriorate..

Answer 29

As Alzheimers progress

Question 30

Norepinephrine

Answer 30

helps control alertness and arousal

Question 31

Undersupply of Norepinephrine is linked to..

Answer 31

depressed mood and ADHD-like attention problems

Question 32

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Answer 32

major inhibitory transmitter

Question 33

Undersupply of GABA is linked to..

Answer 33

seizures, tremors, and insomnia

Question 34

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Answer 34

measures brain waves; useful in studying seizures and sleep

Question 35

PET (positron emission tomography)

Answer 35

measures activity and function

Question 36

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer 36

looks at structure only

Question 37

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer 37

gives us both function and structure; gives information about brain structure and activity

Question 38

Medulla (middle)

Answer 38

Controls the most basic functions (heartbeat and breathing)

Question 39

Thalamus

Answer 39

All sensory messages except for smell are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex

Question 40

"Sensory Switchboard" or "Gateway to the Cortex" or "Router"

Answer 40

Thalamus

Question 41

Reticular Formation

Answer 41

Nerve network in the brainstem that enables alertness (arousal)

Question 42

"Net-like"

Answer 42

Reticular Formation

Question 43

Cerebellum

Answer 43

Helps coordinate voluntary movement such as playing a sport

Question 44

"Little brain"

Answer 44

Cerebellum

Question 45

Functions of cerebellum include:

Answer 45

nonverbal learning, implicit memory, judge time, modulate emotions, integrate multiple sources of sensory input

Question 46

The limbic system coordinates:

Answer 46

- emotional center (fear and aggression) - basic drives such as hunger and sex - the formation of episodic memories (memory linked with time)

Question 47

Hippocampus

Answer 47

processes conscious, episodic memories and works with amygdala to form emotionally charged memories

Question 48

"Seahorses"

Answer 48

Hippocampus

Question 49

Amygdala

Answer 49

Helps process emotions, especially fear and aggression; consists of two lima bean-sized neural clusters

Question 50

"Almond"

Answer 50

Amygdala

Question 51

Hypothalamus

Answer 51

regulates body temperature, ensures adequate food and water intake (homeostasis), and is involved in sex drive

Question 52

Frontal Lobes

Answer 52

Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Question 53

Parietal lobes

Answer 53

Include the sensory cortex

Question 54

Occipital lobes (back)

Answer 54

Include the visual areas; they receive visual information from the opposite visual field

Question 55

Temporal lobes (sides)

Answer 55

Include the auditory processing areas

Question 56

Input:

Answer 56

Sensory cortex (left hemisphere section receives input from the body's right side)

Question 57

Output:

Answer 57

Motor cortex (left hemisphere section controls the body's right side)

Question 58

Corpus Callosum

Answer 58

A band of axons connecting the hemispheres