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bio 264 > Modules 4-5 > Flashcards

Modules 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus

A

Genetic material: DNA

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2
Q

Rough ER

A

Makes Proteins

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3
Q

Smooth ER stores?

A

Stores calcium

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4
Q

Smooth ER makes?

A

fats, lipids, carbs, steroids

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins through Translation

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6
Q

what is Translation?

A

mRNA -> proteins

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7
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the ribosomes on the rough ER

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8
Q

Transcription?

A

DNA-> RNA

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9
Q

where does transcription happen?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Lysosome

A

Contains Digestive enzymes and breaks down material

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11
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane Bound sack made from plasma membrane used to transport things through cell

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12
Q

three main parts of Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments

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13
Q

Functions of Cytoskeleton

A

Hold cell structure

Provide a highway for transporting material inside the cell

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14
Q

Microfilaments are made of

A

Actin filaments

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15
Q

microfilaments

A

Structure, support for microvilli, Contractility, movement

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16
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Mechanical strength

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17
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow

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18
Q

Microtubules are made of

A

tubulin

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Post office!

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20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Detoxify the cell
Breaks down fatty acids and amino acids into Hydrogen Peroxide
uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide( which is Toxic)
Hydrogen Peroxide is a breakdown product from the lysosomes

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21
Q

Proteasomes

A

Break down protiens

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22
Q

Ubiquitin

A

Marker molecule that tells if protein should be broken down by proteasome

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23
Q

Central Dogma

A

Where transcription and translation happen

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24
Q

Three types of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

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25
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Uses Pseudopodia to pull bacteria into the cell

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26
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Uses Invagination to allow bacteria to sink into the cell and pinch off.

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27
Q

What must endocytosis and exocytosis have to function?

A

APT

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28
Q

Receptor mediated Endocytosis

A

Same as pinocytosis but it must have ligand attach to receptor to trigger function. Specific to what it take in

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29
Q

Exocytosis

A

Accumulated vesicle secretions are expelled from the cell

30
Q

which type of vesicle helps with exocytosis?

A

Secretory Vesicles

31
Q

examples of exocytosis

A

Secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas
secretions of mucous by salivary glads
secretion of milk by mammary glands

32
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double membrane bound with nuclear pores

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power house: Major site of ATP synthesis

34
Q

Mitochondria membranes

A

Cristae and matrix

35
Q

Cristae

A

Infolding’s of inner membranes

36
Q

Matrix

A

Space of the interior of the mitochonrion

37
Q

How does oxygen pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Simple diffusion

38
Q

How do fats and lipids pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Simple diffusion

39
Q

How do ions pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Facilitated diffusion

40
Q

How does glucose pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Facilitated diffusion

41
Q

Carbon dioxide pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Simple diffusion

42
Q

how do fat soluble vitamins pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Simple diffusion

43
Q

all channels are…

A

facilitated

44
Q

what is Primary active transport?

A

anything that uses ATP directly

45
Q

main purpose of Primary active transport

A

creates the gradient

46
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

hydrophilic particles

47
Q

simple diffusion

A

hydrophobic particles

48
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

force required to prevent water from moving across a semi-permeable membrane?

49
Q

What 6 things influence the rate of diffusion?

A 
Magnitude of concentration
Temp. of Solution
Size of diffusing molecules or ions
Viscosity of solvent
Surface area
Distance
50
Q

Channels are always what?

A

OPEN

51
Q

carrier proteins are what?

A

Only open on one side at the time

52
Q

What is absolute refractory period?

A

period of time where action potentials can’t occur.. No stimulus is high enough to create another action potential…

53
Q

What is the relative refractory period?

A

where an action potential can occur but isn’t likely because it is hyperpolarized.

54
Q

What are two types of integral proteins

A

carrier and channel

55
Q

Alpha subunits do what?

A

dissociate

56
Q

when do the voltage gates for K+ and Na+ open?

A

at thresh hold

57
Q

What are graded potentials?

A

deviations from RMP the may or may not cause an action potential.

58
Q

What needs to happen to happen to create an action potential

A

Na+ voltage gate needs to be at RMP

59
Q

what is it called when there is one cellular particle traveling through a channel by itself

A

Uniport

60
Q

What is it called when there are two cellular particles traveling through a channel in the same direction?

A

Symport

61
Q

What is it called when there are two cellular particles traveling in different directions through a channel?

A

Antiport

62
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

decreases the potential for K+ to leave the cell-

Erythema

63
Q

Hyponaterimia

A

Low amounts of Na+ outside the cell-Nothing happens

64
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Increases potential for K+ to leave the cell

65
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Higher amounts of blood outside the cell- nothing happens.

66
Q

what are glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

marker molecules

67
Q

the more frequent the action potential, the more powerful the ______.

A

Stimulus

68
Q

what effect on the resting potential would I have if I increased the extracellular K+

A

depolarization

69
Q

What effect on the RMp would I have if I increased the permeability to Na+

A

Depolarization

70
Q

What effect would I have on the RMP if I increased the extracellular Na+

A

No effect

71
Q

What effect on RMP do I have if i doubled the # of K+ leak channels

A

Hyperpolarization

bio 264 (5 decks)

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