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bio 264 > Modules 4-5 > Flashcards

Modules 4-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

nucleus

A

Genetic material: DNA

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2
Q

Rough ER

A

Makes Proteins

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3
Q

Smooth ER stores?

A

Stores calcium

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4
Q

Smooth ER makes?

A

fats, lipids, carbs, steroids

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins through Translation

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6
Q

what is Translation?

A

mRNA -> proteins

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7
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the ribosomes on the rough ER

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8
Q

Transcription?

A

DNA-> RNA

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9
Q

where does transcription happen?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Lysosome

A

Contains Digestive enzymes and breaks down material

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11
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane Bound sack made from plasma membrane used to transport things through cell

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12
Q

three main parts of Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments

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13
Q

Functions of Cytoskeleton

A

Hold cell structure

Provide a highway for transporting material inside the cell

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14
Q

Microfilaments are made of

A

Actin filaments

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15
Q

microfilaments

A

Structure, support for microvilli, Contractility, movement

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16
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Mechanical strength

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17
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow

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18
Q

Microtubules are made of

A

tubulin

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Post office!

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20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Detoxify the cell
Breaks down fatty acids and amino acids into Hydrogen Peroxide
uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide( which is Toxic)
Hydrogen Peroxide is a breakdown product from the lysosomes

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21
Q

Proteasomes

A

Break down protiens

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22
Q

Ubiquitin

A

Marker molecule that tells if protein should be broken down by proteasome

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23
Q

Central Dogma

A

Where transcription and translation happen

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24
Q

Three types of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

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25
What is Phagocytosis?
Uses Pseudopodia to pull bacteria into the cell
26
Pinocytosis
Uses Invagination to allow bacteria to sink into the cell and pinch off.
27
What must endocytosis and exocytosis have to function?
APT
28
Receptor mediated Endocytosis
Same as pinocytosis but it must have ligand attach to receptor to trigger function. Specific to what it take in
29
Exocytosis
Accumulated vesicle secretions are expelled from the cell
30
which type of vesicle helps with exocytosis?
Secretory Vesicles
31
examples of exocytosis
Secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas secretions of mucous by salivary glads secretion of milk by mammary glands
32
Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane bound with nuclear pores
33
Mitochondria
Power house: Major site of ATP synthesis
34
Mitochondria membranes
Cristae and matrix
35
Cristae
Infolding's of inner membranes
36
Matrix
Space of the interior of the mitochonrion
37
How does oxygen pass through the plasma membrane?
Simple diffusion
38
How do fats and lipids pass through the plasma membrane?
Simple diffusion
39
How do ions pass through the plasma membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
40
How does glucose pass through the plasma membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
41
Carbon dioxide pass through the plasma membrane?
Simple diffusion
42
how do fat soluble vitamins pass through the plasma membrane?
Simple diffusion
43
all channels are...
facilitated
44
what is Primary active transport?
anything that uses ATP directly
45
main purpose of Primary active transport
creates the gradient
46
facilitated diffusion
hydrophilic particles
47
simple diffusion
hydrophobic particles
48
Osmotic pressure
force required to prevent water from moving across a semi-permeable membrane?
49
What 6 things influence the rate of diffusion?
``` Magnitude of concentration Temp. of Solution Size of diffusing molecules or ions Viscosity of solvent Surface area Distance ```
50
Channels are always what?
OPEN
51
carrier proteins are what?
Only open on one side at the time
52
What is absolute refractory period?
period of time where action potentials can't occur.. No stimulus is high enough to create another action potential...
53
What is the relative refractory period?
where an action potential can occur but isn't likely because it is hyperpolarized.
54
What are two types of integral proteins
carrier and channel
55
Alpha subunits do what?
dissociate
56
when do the voltage gates for K+ and Na+ open?
at thresh hold
57
What are graded potentials?
deviations from RMP the may or may not cause an action potential.
58
What needs to happen to happen to create an action potential
Na+ voltage gate needs to be at RMP
59
what is it called when there is one cellular particle traveling through a channel by itself
Uniport
60
What is it called when there are two cellular particles traveling through a channel in the same direction?
Symport
61
What is it called when there are two cellular particles traveling in different directions through a channel?
Antiport
62
Hyperkalemia
decreases the potential for K+ to leave the cell- | Erythema
63
Hyponaterimia
Low amounts of Na+ outside the cell-Nothing happens
64
Hypokalemia
Increases potential for K+ to leave the cell
65
Hypernatremia
Higher amounts of blood outside the cell- nothing happens.
66
what are glycoproteins and glycolipids
marker molecules
67
the more frequent the action potential, the more powerful the ______.
Stimulus
68
what effect on the resting potential would I have if I increased the extracellular K+
depolarization
69
What effect on the RMp would I have if I increased the permeability to Na+
Depolarization
70
What effect would I have on the RMP if I increased the extracellular Na+
No effect
71
What effect on RMP do I have if i doubled the # of K+ leak channels
Hyperpolarization

bio 264 (5 decks)

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