Molecules + cells + cavities

Question 1

What cavity?

Answer 1

Cranial

Question 2

What cavity?

Answer 2

Veterbral

Question 3

What cavity?

Answer 3

Dorsal

Question 4

What cavity?

Answer 4

Ventral

Question 5

What cavity?

Answer 5

Pelvic

Question 6

What cavity?

Answer 6

Abdominal

Question 7

What cavity?

Answer 7

Pleural

Question 8

What cavity?

Answer 8

Thoracic

Question 9

What structures would you find in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 9

pleural and pericardium cavities

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

maintenance of a stable internal environment, within narrow limits in the face of external change

Question 11

what happens if homeostasis is not maintained in the body?

Answer 11

cells may not get the nutrients they need. Toxic waste may accumulate, which may lead to an imbalance that causes disease of death.

Question 12

RECEPTOR

Answer 12

Detects change in the environment – sends input (afferent neurons) towards the control centre.

Question 13

CONTROL CENTRE

Answer 13

Determines the range of values for which a certain variable is maintained. Coordinates an appropriate response by sending out an output (efferent neurons) to the effector.

Question 14

EFFECTOR

Answer 14

Carries out the control centre’s response.

Question 15

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Answer 15

response opposes orginal stimulus

Question 16

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Answer 16

The output response enhances the
stimulus.
* Positive - change occurs in the same
direction of the stimulus.
* Cascades - amplify original stimulus.
eg. childbirth

Question 17

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

folds and transports polypeptides into transport vesicles

Question 18

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

synthesis hormones + lipids

Question 19

cytoplasam

Answer 19

gelatinous fluid inside cells which provides a medium for organelles to function

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

helps maintain their shape and internal organisation by transporting organelles

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

site of aerobic cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell to carry out cellular processes

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

contains DNA which control cellular functions by coding for protiens

Question 23

plasma cell mebrane

Answer 23

sempermiable lipid bilayer that regulates the inputs and out puts of the cell

Question 24

golgi apparatus

Answer 24

final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles

Question 25

lysosomes

Answer 25

contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material.

Question 26

centriole

Answer 26

form cillia

Question 27

carbohydrates

Answer 27

- energy storage - monosaccarides, diasaccarides, polysaccarides

Question 28

monosaccarides

Answer 28

glucose galactose fructose

Question 29

Name 3 disaccharides

Answer 29

sucrose maltose lactose

Question 30

polyasaccaride

Answer 30

starch glycogen

Question 31

primary protein structure

Answer 31

sequence of amino acids

Question 32

secondary protien structure

Answer 32

primary structure folded into alpha helices, beta pleted sheets or random folding

Question 33

tertiary protien structure

Answer 33

3D structure composed of folded secondary structure (which determines the function of the protien)

Question 34

quaternary protein structure

Answer 34

2 or more polypeptide chains joined together

Question 35

are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 35

insoluble in water

Question 36

draw a triglyceride

Answer 36

Question 37

function of a triglyceride

Answer 37

to store energy/ provide insulation

Question 38

integral proteins

Answer 38

proteins incorporated with in the membrane Used for cellular identification because it spans the entire membrane

Question 39

peripheral protien

Answer 39

associated with inner or outer surface

Question 40

is the phosphate head hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 40

hydrophillic

Question 41

is the fatty acid tails hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 41

hydrophobic

Question 42

cholesterol

Answer 42

stabilise + regulate fluidity

Question 43

cell differentiation

Answer 43

The process whereby cells assume their specialised function. Cells have different shapes, contents or organelles.

Question 44

muscle cell

Answer 44

TO ALLOW FOR MOVEMENT increased mitochondria + stores glycogen --> energy elongated + elastic --> allows for movement

Question 45

nerve cell

Answer 45

TO CARRY ELECTRICAL SIGNALS long axon --> signal long distances numerous dentides --> recive numerous signals axon terminal --> contol activity

Question 46

RBC

Answer 46

TO CARRY O2 AROUND THE BODY no nucleus + bioconcave --> more haemoglobin to fit in vessels

Question 47

Sperm cells

Answer 47

TO FERTILISE AN EGG Nucleus --> carry genetic information Big head --> burry into egg Flagella – movement Acrosome – enzymes to break outer layer of an egg.

Question 48

tight junction

Answer 48

integral proteins fuse adjacent cells together to prevent molecules from passing between cells.

Question 49

desmosomes

Answer 49

anchoring junctions that act as 'rivet' to keep cells from tearing apart ga

Question 50

gap junctions

Answer 50

communicating junctions to allow ions and small molecules to pass from cell to cell

Question 51

draw a phospholipid bilayer include : - integral protein - peripheral protein - cholesterol - phospholipid - glycoprotien

Answer 51