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DEN1DSA > Molecules + cells + cavities > Flashcards

Molecules + cells + cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What cavity?

A

Cranial

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2
Q

What cavity?

A

Veterbral

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3
Q

What cavity?

A

Dorsal

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4
Q

What cavity?

A

Ventral

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5
Q

What cavity?

A

Pelvic

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6
Q

What cavity?

A

Abdominal

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7
Q

What cavity?

A

Pleural

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8
Q

What cavity?

A

Thoracic

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9
Q

What structures would you find in the thoracic cavity?

A

pleural and pericardium cavities

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10
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of a stable internal environment, within narrow limits in the face of external change

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11
Q

what happens if homeostasis is not maintained in the body?

A

cells may not get the nutrients they need. Toxic waste may accumulate, which may lead to an imbalance that causes disease of death.

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12
Q

RECEPTOR

A

Detects change in the environment – sends input (afferent neurons) towards the control centre.

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13
Q

CONTROL CENTRE

A

Determines the range of values for which a certain variable is maintained. Coordinates an appropriate response by sending out an output (efferent neurons) to the effector.

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14
Q

EFFECTOR

A

Carries out the control centre’s response.

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15
Q

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A

response opposes orginal stimulus

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16
Q

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

A

The output response enhances the
stimulus.
* Positive - change occurs in the same
direction of the stimulus.
* Cascades - amplify original stimulus.
eg. childbirth

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17
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

folds and transports polypeptides into secretory vesicles

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18
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesis hormones + lipids

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19
Q

cytoplasam

A

gelatinous fluid inside cells which provides a medium for organelles to function

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20
Q

cytoskeleton

A

helps maintain their shape and internal organisation by transporting organelles

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21
Q

mitochondria

A

site of aerobic cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell to carry out cellular processes

22
Q

nucleus

A

contains DNA which control cellular functions by coding for protiens

23
Q

plasma cell mebrane

A

sempermiable lipid bilayer that regulates the inputs and out puts of the cell

24
Q

golgi apparatus

A

final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles

25
Q

lysosomes

A

contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material.

26
Q

centriole

A

form cillia

27
Q

carbohydrates

A
  • energy storage
  • monosaccarides, diasaccarides, polysaccarides
28
Q

monosaccarides

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

29
Q

Name 3 disaccharides

A

sucrose
maltose
lactose

30
Q

polyasaccaride

A

starch
glycogen

31
Q

primary protein structure

A

sequence of amino acids

32
Q

secondary protien structure

A

primary structure folded into alpha helices, beta pleted sheets or random folding

33
Q

tertiary protien structure

A

3D structure composed of folded secondary structure (which determines the function of the protien)

34
Q

quaternary protein structure

A

2 or more polypeptide chains joined together

35
Q

are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?

A

insoluble in water

36
Q

draw a triglyceride

A
37
Q

function of a triglyceride

A

to store energy/ provide insulation

38
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins incorporated with in the membrane

39
Q

peripheral protien

A

associated with inner or outer surface

40
Q

is the phosphate head hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophillic

41
Q

is the fatty acid tails hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

42
Q

cholesterol

A

stabilise + regulate fluidity

43
Q

cell differentiation

A

The process whereby cells assume their specialised function.
Cells have different shapes, contents or organelles.

44
Q

muscle cell

A

TO ALLOW FOR MOVEMENT

increased mitochondria + stores glycogen –> energy
elongated + elastic –> allows for movement

45
Q

nerve cell

A

TO CARRY ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

long axon –> signal long distances
numerous dentides –> recive numerous signals
axon terminal –> contol activity

46
Q

RBC

A

TO CARRY O2 AROUND THE BODY

no nucleus + bioconcave –> more haemoglobin to fit in vessels

47
Q

Sperm cells

A

TO FERTILISE AN EGG

Nucleus –> carry genetic information
Big head –> burry into egg
Flagella – movement
Acrosome – enzymes to break outer layer of an egg.

48
Q

tight junction

A

integral proteins fuse adjacent cells together to prevent molecules from passing between cells.

49
Q

desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions that act as ‘rivet’ to keep cells from tearing apart
ga

50
Q

gap junctions

A

communicating junctions to allow ions and small molecules to pass from cell to cell

51
Q

draw a phospholipid bilayer
include :
- integral protein
- peripheral protein
- cholesterol
- phospholipid
- glycoprotien

A

DEN1DSA (17 decks)

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