Mono: Sources and Filters

Question 1

What is the distribution of solar energy?

Answer 1

52% near-infrared, 43% visible, 5% ultraviolet

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of the power consumed by an incandescent light bulb is emitted as heat, rather than as visible light?

Answer 2

90%

Question 3

How much more efficient is a fluorescent bulb than an incandescent bulb?

Answer 3

4 times

Question 4

What is a black body radiator a theoretical construct for?

Answer 4

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 5

As temperature increases, what happens to the peak wavelength of a black body radiator?

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

As temperature increases, what happens to the area under the curve representing power?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Higher kelvin results in what type of wavelength emittance?

Answer 7

Shorter

Question 8

What does ‘color temperature’ come from matching?

Answer 8

Spectral outputs of the temperature of the black body radiator with that of the test source

Question 9

Why does a 2000-K source light appear yellow?

Answer 9

Because the 2000-K source has more energy in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum

Question 10

Why does a 10,000-K source light appear blue-white?

Answer 10

Because the 10,000-K source has more energy in the short-wavelength region

Question 11

What is an advantage of higher color temperature lights?

Answer 11

Help see better at night

Question 12

What is a disadvantage of higher color temperature lights?

Answer 12

3 times more scattering

Question 13

How much more scattering occurs at 465 nm than at 600 nm?

Answer 13

3 times

Question 14

The higher the color temperature, the ________ the light.

Answer 14

Bluer

Question 15

The higher the color temperature, the more the light ________ and has a larger area of ________.

Answer 15

Scatters, Glare

Question 16

Higher color temperature causes discomfort glare which impacts what two types of patients?

Answer 16

Presbyopes and Cataract patients

Question 17

Most indoor lamps typically range from what color temperature?

Answer 17

2700 K - 3000 K

Question 18

What is the color temperature of street lights?

Answer 18

4000 K

Question 19

What is the color temperature of a flashlight?

Answer 19

6500 K

Question 20

What are some main advantages of LEDs?

Answer 20

Long lifespan, High-response time, Absence of mercury, No emission of infrared rays

Question 21

A colored filter may absorb/reflect some _________ that are incident upon it.

Answer 21

Wavelengths

Question 22

What is a band pass filter?

Answer 22

A filter that passes only a certain spectral band of light

Question 23

What is a narrowband filter?

Answer 23

A filter that passes only a narrow spectral band of light

Question 24

What do bandpass filters do?

Answer 24

Transmit a portion of the spectrum while rejecting other wavelengths

Question 25

What do notch filters do?

Answer 25

Block a portion of the spectrum while transmitting all other wavelengths

Question 26

What is a broadband filter?

Answer 26

A filter that passes only a broader spectral band of light

Question 27

What is a long-pass filter?

Answer 27

A filter that transmits long wavelengths of light but not shorter ones

Question 28

What is an interference filter?

Answer 28

A filter that produces a very narrow band of light based on the interference principle of light

Question 29

What is a subtractive color mixture?

Answer 29

A two filter combination in sequence that transmits less light than either one by itself

Question 30

What is an additive color mixture?

Answer 30

Light projected through two different color filters and combined on a screen

Question 31

What does a neutral density filter transmit?

Answer 31

All wavelengths equally

Question 32

What does a neutral density filter minimize?

Answer 32

Minimizing color distortion

Question 33

Neutral density filters are specified by their _____________.

Answer 33

Optical density

Question 34

Optical density is the inverse of ___________.

Answer 34

Transmission

Question 35

High optical density results in __________ transmission and __________ absorption.

Answer 35

Less, Greater

Question 36

For high transmission and less absorption, what optical density would be appropriate?

Answer 36

Lower OD

Question 37

What is the Pulfrich Phenomenon?

Answer 37

A visual stereo illusion observed when a swinging pendulum bob is viewed through a ND filter in front of one eye

Question 38

How will the path of the bob appear in the Pulfrich phenomenon?

Answer 38

Elliptical

Question 39

How does dimming a stimulus with a ND filter impact conduction velocity between the eye and cortex?

Answer 39

Slows signal conduction between the eye and cortex

Question 40

Where are Ultra Violet B Rays (UVBs) absorbed?

Answer 40

Epidermis

Question 41

When is UVB present in North America?

Answer 41

During the summer months

Question 42

Where are UVA rays absorbed in the skin?

Answer 42

Epidermis and underlying dermis

Question 43

What does the absorption of UVA rays promote?

Answer 43

Wrinkling of skin

Question 44

When are UVA rays present in North America?

Answer 44

All months, all seasons

Question 45

What can acute exposure to UVC rays cause?

Answer 45

Solar Keratitis

Question 46

What chronic UV exposure plays a role in the development of what four things in the eye?

Answer 46

Pinguecula, Pterygium, Certain Cataracts, Possibly AMD