monoclonal antibodies (4.3.2)

Question 1

what is an antibody?

Answer 1

proteins produced by white blood cells (lymphocytes)

Question 2

what are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 2

a single clone of cells and consist of identical antibody molecules.

Question 3

step one of MA production

Answer 3

a mouse is stimulated to produce antibodies through a vaccination.

Question 4

step two of MA production

Answer 4

lymphocytes make specific antibodies but don’t divide.

Question 5

step 3 of MA production

Answer 5

tumour cells divide but don’t produce antibodies.

Question 6

step 4 of MA production

Answer 6

a lymphocyte and a tumour cell are combined to make a hybridoma.

Question 7

step 5 of MA production

Answer 7

hybridoma cell is cloned to produce many identical cells.

Question 8

step 6 of MA production

Answer 8

monoclonal antibodies are produced. they are collected and purified.

Question 9

state a use of MA (preg)

Answer 9

pregnancy tests - MA bind with a hormone called HCG which is only found in urine of pregnant women.

Question 10

state a use of MA (cancer)

Answer 10

for cancer treatment.
MA bound to a radioactive substance, a toxic drug or a chemical which stops cells growing and dividing.
It delivers the substance to the cancer cells

Question 11

state a use of MA (lab)

Answer 11

in laboratories measures the levels of hormones and chemicals in blood, or to detect pathogens

Question 12

negative of MA

Answer 12

Monoclonal antibodies create more side effects than expected. They are not yet as widely used as everyone hoped when they were first developed.

Question 13

state a use of MA (research)

Answer 13

in research to locate or identify specific molecules in a cell or tissue by binding to them with a fluorescent dye