monolconal Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are identical and produced in large quantities in the lab to target a specific antigen.
What is the meaning of ‘mono’ and ‘clonal’ in monoclonal antibodies?
‘Mono’ means one and ‘clonal’ means identical.
What are the applications of monoclonal antibodies?
- Medical treatment as a drug
- Medical diagnosis
- Pregnancy tests
What is direct monoclonal antibody therapy?
Direct monoclonal antibody therapy uses antibodies that bind to antigens on cancer cells to prevent uncontrolled cell division.
How do monoclonal antibodies prevent cancer growth?
They bind to antigens on cancer cells, preventing other chemicals from triggering uncontrolled cell division.
What is indirect monoclonal antibody therapy?
It involves antibodies that deliver a cytotoxic drug directly to cancer cells, killing them without affecting normal cells.
What is a cytotoxic drug?
A drug designed to kill cancer cells.
What is the advantage of indirect monoclonal antibody therapy over traditional chemotherapy?
It targets only cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy cells.
What is the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)?
ELISA is a test that detects specific antigens or proteins in the body, often used in medical diagnostics.
What is the purpose of the control band in a pregnancy test?
To verify that the test is functioning correctly.
What happens if the hormone is present in a pregnancy test?
The mobile antibody binds to the hormone and then to an immobilized antibody, producing a visible line.
Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies can be used to test for _______.
[various diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, chlamydia, prostate cancer, HIV, and COVID-19]
What indicates the presence of an antigen in an ELISA test?
The liquid changes color, indicating that the antigen is present.
How does the intensity of color in an ELISA test correlate with antigen quantity?
The intensity of the color indicates the quantity of antigen present.
What is the first step in conducting an ELISA test?
Add the test sample from a patient to the base of a beaker or slide.
What is the role of the second antibody in an ELISA test?
It binds to the first antibody and has an enzyme attached to it.
True or False: Monoclonal antibodies can only be used for cancer treatment.
False.
What type of drug is often attached to indirect monoclonal antibodies?
Cytotoxic drug.
What is one of the hormones commonly tested for in pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
What indicates that a pregnancy test is working correctly?
The control band appears.
What is meant by ‘bullet drugs’ in the context of monoclonal antibody therapy?
Drugs that are delivered directly to cancer cells, minimizing effects on healthy cells.
What does the intensity of the color indicate in antigen testing?
The quantity of the antigen that is present
A darker color indicates a higher quantity of antigen, while a paler color indicates a lower quantity.
How are monoclonal antibodies used in medical diagnosis?
They bind to specific antigens, leading to a detectable reaction
This process often involves the use of enzymes that catalyze a color change.
What happens to the color if there is a large quantity of antigen present?
You would get a darker blue color
This is due to more enzyme catalyzing the reaction from the binding of antibodies.
