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Year 3 - Mental Health > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core symptoms of depression?

A

Continuous low mood for at least 2 weeks

Lack of energy

Anhedonia

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2
Q

Define anhedonia

A

Lack of enjoyment/interest from anything

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3
Q

What are some somatic symptoms of depression?

A

Sleep changes

Appetite and weight changes

Diurnal variation of mood

Psychomotor retardation/agitation

Loss of libido

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4
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms of depression?

A

Low self-esteem

Guilt/self blame

Hopelessness

Hypochondriacal thoughts

Poor concentration

Suicidal thoughts

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5
Q

To diagnose mild depression what symptoms are required?

A

2 core symptoms + 2 others

Patient is still able to function

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6
Q

To diagnose moderate depression what symptoms are required?

A

2 core + 3 (or 4) other symptoms

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7
Q

To diagnose severe depression what symptoms are required?

A

3 core + at least 4 others

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8
Q

What symptoms can sometimes accompany severe depression?

A

Psychotic symptoms

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9
Q

What psychotic symptoms can accompany depression?

A

Hallucinations (often auditory)

Delusions

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10
Q

What types of delusions can occur in psychotic depression?

A

Hypochondriacal

Guilt

Nihilistic

Persecutory

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11
Q

What type of depression often occurs after pregnancy?

A

Post-natal depression

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12
Q

What percentage of women suffer with post-natal depression after giving birth?

A

10-15%

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13
Q

Within what time frame do women who have given birth typically suffer from post-natal depression?

A

Typically within 1-2 months (can be later)

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14
Q

What thought content is often seen in women with post-natal depression?

A

Worries about the babies health

Worries about their ability to cope with the baby

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15
Q

What are some risk factors for post-natal depression?

A

Personal or family history of depression

Older age

Single mother

Unwanted pregnancy

Poor social support

Previous post-natal depression

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16
Q

What is the prevalence of depression?

A

10-20%

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17
Q

In what group of people encountered in health care is depression typically more common in?

A

2-3 times more common in people with chronic physical health conditions

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18
Q

What moods does bipolar disorder consist of?

A

Periods of:

Depression

Mania/hypomania

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19
Q

What was bipolar disorder previously known as?

A

Manic depression

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20
Q

What is hypomania/mania?

A

Elevated, expansive or irritable mood.

More extreme in mania, more mild in hypomania

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21
Q

When is an elevated mood classed as hypomania?

A

When several of a number of symptoms/features cause considerable interference with work/social activity for at least several days

22
Q

What features can be seen in someone with hypomania?

A

Mildly elevated, expansive or irritable mood

Increased energy/activity

Increased self-esteem

Sociability, talkativeness, over familiarity

Increased sex drive

Reduced need for sleep

Difficulty in focusing on one task alone

23
Q

What are some symptoms of mania?

A

Elevated/expansive/irritable mood (at least 1 week)

Increased energy/activity

Grandiosity/increased self-esteem

Pressure of speech

Flight of ideas/racing thoughts

Distractible

Reduced need for sleep

Increased libido

Social inhibitions lost

Psychotic symptoms

24
Q

What are two types of persistent mood disorders?

A

Cyclothymia

Dysthymia

25
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Mood changes between mild depression and hypomania cyclically

26
Q

When does cyclothymia usually start?

A

Has an early onset

27
Q

Who is cyclothymia common in?

A

Relatives of people with bipolar disorder

28
Q

What is dysthymia?

A

Chronic low mood not fulfilling the criteria of depression

29
Q

What is mixed affective state?

A

A mixture or rapid (usually within a few hours) of hypomanic, main and depressive symptoms

30
Q

How does the ICD 10 classify bipolar disorder?

A

At least 2 episodes, one of which must be hypomanic, manic or a mixed episode

31
Q

What is the median age of onset of bipolar disorder?

A

25 years

32
Q

What is the suicide rate in people suffering from bipolar disorder?

A

20x normal population

33
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for mood disorders?

A

Normal fluctuations in mood

Adjustment disorders/bereavement

PTSD

Dementia

Personality disorders

Anxiety disorders

34
Q

What types of causes can cause mood disorders?

A

Biological

Psychological

Social

35
Q

What biological causes are there for mood disorders?

A

Genetic

Brain illnesses

Physical illnesses

36
Q

What psychological causes are there for mood disorders?

A

Childhood experiences

View of yourself and the world

Personality traits

37
Q

What social causes are there for mood disorders?

A

Work

Housing

Finance

Relationships

Support (or lack of)

38
Q

What are some biological treatments for the mood disorders?

A

Pharmacological treatments

ECT

39
Q

What pharmacological treatments are available to treat depression?

A

Antidepressants

Mood stabilisers

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics

40
Q

What is the monoamine hypothesis of depression?

A

That neurotransmitter changes are responsible for depression, in particular nor-adrenaline and serotonin

41
Q

What are some classes of antidepressants?

A

SSRI’s

SNRI’s

TCA’s

NASSA’s

MAOI’s

42
Q

What are some mood stabilisers?

A

Lithium

Valproate

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

43
Q

What is ECT?

A

A treatment involving sending an electric current through the brain to trigger an epileptic seizure

44
Q

What are the indications for ECT?

A

Severe depressive illness where other treatments have not been effective

Life threatening illness (not eating/drinking)

Prolonged and severe manic episode

Catatonia

High suicide risk

Stupor

Severe psychomotor retardation

45
Q

What drugs are indicated in bipolar disorder?

A

Mood stabilisers

Antipsychotics

46
Q

What should be avoided in bipolar disorder?

A

Use of anti-depressants

47
Q

What psychological treatments can be used treat mood disorders?

A

Psychoeducation

CBT

IPT

Psychodynamic

Mindfulness

48
Q

What can be targeted by social interventions for mood disorder?

A

Family

Housing

Finance

Employment

General coping strategies

49
Q

What suggests a poor prognosis in bipolar disorder?

A

Severe episodes

Early onset

Cognitive deficits

50
Q

When is treatment more effective in bipolar disorder?

A

Earlier in the illness course

51
Q

What percentage of bipolar patients relapse within 5-7 years?

A

80%

Year 3 - Mental Health (12 decks)

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