mood disorders Flashcards
(25 cards)
2 types of mood disorders
- depressive disorders
- bipolar disorders
symptoms of major depressive disorder
- depressed mood
- loss of interest/pleasure
- difficulty concentraying/ making difficult dessisions
- sleep
- increased/decreased appitiete
description of major depressive disorder episodes
- can be single or recurrent
- no manic/hypomanic episodes
- 2 weeks or more
Persistant depressive disorder clinical description
-persistent depressed mood for 2+ years
-cannot be symptom free for > 2 m
milder symptoms
Bipolar disorder (2 aspects) + symptoms of it
Mania and hyopmania
- elevated mood
- grandiosity
- less need for sleep
- increased activity
Bipolar 1 vs 2
1- manic episodes + major depressive episodes
2- hypomanic episodes + major depressive episodes
cyclothymia
symptoms of depressed mood and hypomania for 2 or more years
mild form of bipolar
prevelence and age of onset of depression
5-17%
mid to late 20s
prevelence and age of onset of bipolar disorders
1-4%
18-mid 20s
% of bipolar and depression that is linked to genetics
bi-85%
depression 35%
etiology of major depression
-Genetic diathesis, low serotonin or serotonin-receptor dysfunction, high cortisol
etiology of bipolar disorder
-genetic diathesis, low serotonin or low norepinephrine in the depressed phase, high norepinephrine in manic phase
psychological dimensions of mood disorders (learned helplessness/ hoplessness)
-stressful life events
-original learned helplessness (people exeperience stressors where they have no control and later on when they get stress again they dont try to control it becuase they learned they cant)
-Hopelessness- depression is caused by state of hoplessness
attributional style- explain things by making attributions (Internal, stable, global)
What is Becks eitiology of mood disorders
Negative schemas- people make negative interpretations, see the world negatively Have cognitive biases (catastrophizing) Negative Triad (negative views on self, world, future)
Tricyclic antidepresents- what do they do and side effects
Block reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine
side- heart problems, weight gain
MAO inhibitors- what do they do and side effects
Block enzyme monoamine oxidase( enzyme that breaks down NT)
side- hypertension, cant eat certain foods like cheese/wine
Lithium- what is it for, side effects
-effective for bipolar disorder
side- tremors, gastric distress, lack of coordination
ECT- what is it used for and advantages/disadvantages
For severe depression
advantage- is an effective treatment, faster than medication/psychotherapy
disadvantage- memory loss
New treatments (Deep brain stim, rTMS)
deep- requires surgery to get electrodes in brain (invasive)
rTMS- magnetic pulses to stim brain, less invasive
cognitive strategies and behavioural interventions for mood disorders
normally: situation->automatic thoughts->emotion
-evaluate automatic thoughts, assumptions, core beliefs (what evidence is there)
Activity schedualing- what are people doing and how do they feel when they do it (find things linked to plesure)
Interpersonal therapy
just as effective as CBT and medications
focuses on problem solving w relationships
STAR*D
start w medication and if isnt effective move on to dif medications or CBT
70% remission after 4 treatments
What is mindfulness based cognitive therapy and mechanisms
Developed w goal of preventing relapse after the person is good
rumination- not dwelling on events
Metacognitive awareness- step back and analyzing thoughts
Suicide ideation vs gestures
ideation- thoughts about death or being better off dead
gestures- self harm/injury w/o intent of death
