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Mood disorders Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Define affect?

A

Expression of a subjectively experienced emotion

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2
Q

Define mood?

A

Pervasive and sustained emotion

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3
Q

Symptoms of depression?

A 
Low mood
Anhedonia
Reduced concentration
Reduced self-esteem
Worthlessness
Hopelessness
Sleep disturbance
Appetite changes
Thoughts of suicide
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4
Q

Affects of depression on sleep

A

Initial insomnia
Broken sleep
Early morning wakening - 2 hours before normal

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5
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

Mood at worst in morning, gradually improves during day

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6
Q

What is somatic syndrome?

A 
Presence of at least 4 somatic symptoms of depression
Reduced appetite
Reduced weight (5%)
Constipation
Early morning wakening
Diurnal variation in mood
Reduced libido
Amenorrhoea
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7
Q

Appearance in depression? (MSE)

A 
Downturned eyes
Sagging of the corner of the mouth
Vertical furrow between eyebrows
Poor eye contact 
Evidence of weight loss
General neglect + poor self care
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8
Q

Behaviour in depression? (MSE)

A

Psychomotor retardation - slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements

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9
Q

Speech in depression? (MSE)

A

Slow, with long delays before answering

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10
Q

Mood in depression? (MSE)

A 
Low and sad
Hopelessness
Bleak future
Reduced energy and drive
Inability to feel enjoyment
Loss of interest
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11
Q

Thoughts in depression? (MSE)

A 
Pessimistic
Guilt
Delusions of poverty or illness
Suicidal thoughts
Homocidal thoughts
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12
Q

Perceptions in depression? (MSE)

A

Mood congruent auditory hallucinations in severe depression
Derogatory
2nd person

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13
Q

Cognition in depression? (MSE)

A

Poor concentration may result in (mistakenly) that memory is impaired

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14
Q

What is pseudodementia?

A

Depression presentation in elderly similar to that of diabetes

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15
Q

What is depressive stupor?

A

Unresponsive
Akinetic
Mute
Fully conscious

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16
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder?

A

Onset of depressive symptoms during winter months

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17
Q

Symptoms during SAD episode?

A

Carbohydrate craving
Hypersomnia
Weight gain
Low mood

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18
Q

Investigations carried out for depression?

A 
Metabolic panel
FBC - anaemia?
THT - hypothyroidism?
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
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19
Q

Depression differentials?

A

Organic disorders
Psychoactive substance abuse
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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20
Q

Core symptoms of depression ICD-10

A

Depressed mood
Loss of interest+enjoyment
Increased fatiguability

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21
Q

Mild depressive episode?

A

Core symptoms
+ 2 additional symptoms
Distressed by symptoms but can somewhat function

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22
Q

Moderate depressive episode?

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A

Core symptoms
+ 4 additional symptoms
Present to a marked degree
Considerable difficulty in work, social and domestic activities

23
Q

Severe depressive episode?

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A

Core symptoms
Considerable stress and agitation
Somatic syndrome

24
Q

What is psychotic depression?

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A

Hallucinations
Delusion
Congruent with mood

25
Indication for ECT?
Treatment resistant depression Catatonia Prolonged mania
26
Complications of ECT?
``` Anterograde amnesia Headache Nausea Status epilicticus Cardiac instability ```
27
Bipolar disorder?
Repeated episodes of mood disturbance At least one episode of mania Complete recovery between episodes
28
What is recurrent depressive disorder?
Repeated episodes of depression with complete recovery between
29
What is persistent depressive disorder?
Constant depressive mood with no recovery
30
Mania symptoms?
``` Elevation of mood Increased energy Overactivity Pressure of speech Loss of social and sexual inhibitions Poor attention and concentration Over spending Sexually promiscuous Inappropriately aggressive Personal neglect ```
31
Appearance in a manic episode? (MSE)
Flamboyantly dressed | Self neglect
32
Behaviour in a manic episode? (MSE)
Overactivity Fidgety Poor attention
33
Speech in a manic episode? (MSE)
Pressure of speech - increased rate and amount | Difficult to interrupt
34
Mood in a manic episode? (MSE)
Euphoric Irritable Angry
35
Thoughts in a manic episode? (MSE)
Inflated view of importance Grandiose ideas Flight of ideas
36
Perception in a manic episode? (MSE)
Appreciation of colours as vivid Pre-occupation with fine details Hyperacusis Auditory and visual hallucinations - confirming grandiose delusion
37
What is hyperacusis?
Increased sensitivity to sound
38
Cognition in a manic episode?
Attention and concentration poor
39
Insight in a manic episode?
Absent
40
Types of mania?
Hypomania Mania without psychosis Mania with psychosis
41
What is hypomania?
``` Persistent mild elevation in mood Increased energy Marked feelings of wellbeing Physical and mental efficiency Increased sociability Talkativeness Over friendliness Increased sexual energy Decreased sleep Do not cause severe disruption at work or social rejection ```
42
What is mania without psychosis?
Clinical features of mania without hallucinations or delusions
43
What is mania with psychosis?
Clinical features of mania with grandiose delusions, hallucination
44
What is cyclothymia?
Persistent instability of mood, involving numerous periods of mild elation and mild depression
45
What is dysthymia
Chronic depression of mood which does not fulfil the criteria for recurrent depressive disorder
46
Normal stages of grief?
``` Shock + denial Anger Depression + detachment Dialogue and bargaining Acceptance ```
47
What is pathological grief?
Disruption of mourning process | Prolonged grief disorder or persistent complex bereavement disorder
48
What is prolonged grief disorder?
Longing for deceased Intense emotional pain Preoccupation with deceased Inability to experience positive mood
49
What is persistent complex bereavement disorder?
Preoccupation with circumstances of death Desire to be with deceased Difficulty in reminiscing positively
50
What is recurrent brief depressive disorder
Short episodes of depression but most of the time well
51
Short term side effects of ECT?
Headache Nausea Short term memory impairment Cardiac arrhythmia
52
Long term side effects of ECT?
Impaired memory
53
Indications for ECT?
Treatment resistant depression Catatonia Severe life threatening depression
54
Contraindication for ECT?
Raised intracranial pressure

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