Schizophrenia

Question 1

What is a delusion?

Answer 1

Firm, fixed belief incongruent with those of a similar background

Question 2

What conditions are included under ‘psychoses’?

Answer 2

Schizophrenia
Delusional disorder
Acute and transient psychotic disorder
Schizoaffective disorder

Question 3

What are schneider’s first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Auditory hallucinations:
Thought repetition
Running commentary
Discussing patient 
Thought alienation:
Thought insertion 
Thought withdrawal
Thought broadcasting
Made feelings 
Made actions
Made impulses
Somatic passivity
Delusional perception

Question 4

Types of thought repetition?

Answer 4

Gedankenlautwerden - repeat thoughts outloud as they are being thought
Echo de la pensee - repetition just after they have been thought
Anticipatory - saying thoughts before they have been thought

Question 5

What is running commentary?

Answer 5

Patient can hear a running commentary of everything they are doing

Question 6

What is patient discussion?

Answer 6

Two voices discuss the subject in third person

Question 7

What does ‘made’ feelings, impulse and actions mean?

Answer 7

Free will has been removed and an external agency is controlling his or her feelings, impulses, and actions

Question 8

What is somatic passivity?

Answer 8

Passive recipient of somatic sensations from an external agency

Question 9

What is a delusional perception?

Answer 9

Patient has a real perception with a delusional misinterpretation of it

Question 10

Other symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 10

Persistant delusions
Persistant hallucinations
Overvalvued idea
Breaks in trail of thought
Neologisms
Catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms
Change in personal behaviour

Question 11

What are neologisms?

Answer 11

New words or typical words used for a different meaning

Question 12

What are the catatonic symptoms?

Answer 12

Stupor
Excitement
Posturing
Waxy flexibility

Question 13

What is stupor?

Answer 13

Unresponsive, akinetic, mute, and fully conscious

Question 14

What is posturing?

Answer 14

Patient adopts inappropriate bodily posture continuously for a prolonged period of time

Question 15

What is waxy flexibility?

Answer 15

Limbs can be moulded into position and remain fixed for long periods of time

Question 16

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Apathy
Poverty of speech
Lack of drive
Slowness
Blunting
Incongruent affect
Social withdrawal
Lowered social performance

Question 17

What are the personality changes seen in schizophrenia?

Answer 17

Hopelessness
Aimlessness
Idleness
Self-absorbed attitude
Social withdrawal

Question 18

What are delusions of persecution?

Answer 18

e.g. patients believes people are out to get them

Question 19

What are delusions of grandeur?

Answer 19

Exaggerated beliefs of self worth, power, knowledge, identity or exceptional relationship to a famous person

Question 20

What are delusions of reference?

Answer 20

Insignificant remarks, events or objects have a personal meaning or significance

Question 21

Describe some other delusions?

Answer 21

Delusion of exalted birth
Delusion of bodily change
Delusion of guilt

Question 22

What is a cotard delusion?

Answer 22

Belief that you don’t exist/have died

Question 23

What is erotomania?

Answer 23

False belief that another person is in love with them

Also called de Clerambault

Question 24

Delusion of poverty?

Answer 24

Belief that they are financially incapacitated

Question 25

Features of paranoid schizophrenia?

Answer 25

``` Delusions of persecution Delusions of reference Delusions of jealousy Delusions of exhaulted birth Hallucinatory voices which threaten the patient Non verbal auditory hallucinations Other hallucinations ```

Question 26

Features of hebephrenic schizophrenia?

Answer 26

Irresponsible and unpredictable behaviour Rambling incoherent speech Affective changes - incongruous affect, shallow mood Poorly organised delusion Fleeting hallucinations

Question 27

Features of catatonic schizophrenia?

Answer 27

Prominent psychomotor disturbances

Question 28

Features of simple schizophrenia?

Answer 28

Negative symptoms develop without the presence of positive symptoms

Question 29

Define stereotypy?

Answer 29

Repetitive purposeless movement - non goal directed | e.g. rocking

Question 30

Define mannerism?

Answer 30

Repetitive purposeful movement, goal directed | e.g. grimaces

Question 31

Define agitation?

Answer 31

Unintentional and purposeless motions and restlessness Often accompanied by emotional distress e.g. pacing, wringing hands

Question 32

Difference between agitation and mania?

Answer 32

Mania - many actions begun but not completed

Question 33

Define blunting?

Answer 33

Loss of appreciation of others feelings

Question 34

Outline common speech disorders in schizophrenia?

Answer 34

``` Pressure of speech Flight of ideas Obscure associations between ideas Word salad Preseveration ```

Question 35

What is perseveration?

Answer 35

Uncontrollable repetition of a particular response

Question 36

What is malingering?

Answer 36

Exaggerating or lying for financial gain or medication

Question 37

Non-auditory hallucinations?

Answer 37

More common in organic disease

Question 38

Risk of schizophrenia with family history?

Answer 38

Twin - 50% Parent - 10-15% Sibling - 10% No relatives - 1%

Question 39

What are clang associations?

Answer 39

Ideas related by rhyme/ similar sounding

Question 40

What is echolalia?

Answer 40

Repetition of words or phrases of the person they are talking to

Question 41

What is gaslighting?

Answer 41

Person fed lies in an attempt to convince them they are delusional

Question 42

What is capgras syndrome?

Answer 42

Family member/friend has been replaced by an identical looking imposter

Question 43

What is Fregoli syndrome?

Answer 43

Multiple people are in fact the same person in disguise

Question 44

What is reduplicative paramnesia?

Answer 44

Delusional belief that a place/location has been duplicated

Question 45

What is a Lilliputian hallucination?

Answer 45

Todd's syndrome | Objects appear larger or smaller than they are in reality

Question 46

What is akathisia?

Answer 46

Inner restlessness | Inability to sit still

Question 47

What is acute dystonia?

Answer 47

Spasm of facial muscle

Question 48

What is Parkinsonism?

Answer 48

Changes in gait | Resting tremor

Question 49

What is tardive dyskinesia

Answer 49

Abnormal involuntary movements | Licking lips

Question 50

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 50

Hyperthermia | Muscle rigidity

Question 51

What is Charles-bonnet syndrome?

Answer 51

Persistent complex hallucinations occurring in clear consciousness

Question 52

Risk factors for Charles bonnet syndrome?

Answer 52

``` Advanced age Peripheral visual impairment Social isolation Sensory deprivation Early cognitive impairment ```

Question 53

What is knights move thinking?

Answer 53

Illogical jumps between ideas

Question 54

Knights move vs flight of ideas?

Answer 54

Flight of ideas had discernible links

Question 55

What is Othello syndrome?

Answer 55

Delusional jealousy | Believing partner is unfaithful

Question 56

What is folie a deux

Answer 56

Transmission of delusions from one individual to another

Question 57

What is erotomania?

Answer 57

Delusion that another person is infatuated with them

Question 58

What is a lilliputian hallucination?

Answer 58

People are smaller than usual 'Alice in Wonderland syndrome" Alcohol withdrawal

Question 59

Ethnic variation in psychosis?

Answer 59

3-4 x more common in Africo-american background