More Concepts Flashcards
How can hypertension cause heart failure?
Increased work of LV -> Hypertrophy -> Increased oxygen demand of heart WITHOUT increased vascularity
True or false: An ECG can measure Ejection fraction
True
An ejection fraction below __% indicates heart failure
40%
If V/Q decreases, vasoconstriction occurs in order to do what?
Shunt blood to area of lung with better ventilation
At rest, what system has the largest oxygen demand?
Gastrointestinal
If you have a patient with heart failure, how can resistance training benefit them?
Muscles learn to use oxygen more efficiently
Low weight high rep endurance training
For every 1 litre of blood tranfused a patent must rest __ mins, WHY?
30 minutes
So the heart can adapt to the new fluid volume
What has a higher pitch? S1 or S2?
S2
Where is S1 the loudest?
Apex of heart
Mean arterial pressure is a good measure of ______ and is crucial for patients with ____tension
Perfusion measure
Hypotension
*If they have under 60, be careful getting them up
What are symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Hypokalemia?
Hyper- Nausea, arhythmias
Hypo- Muscle cramps, arhythmias
What are symptoms of hypercalcemia vs hypocalcemia?
Hypercalcemia- Arhythmias
Hypocalcemia- Decreased contractility
Disease of the ___cardium can spread to the valves
endocardium
The heart is predominantly what type of tissue?
myocardium
High troponin in lab values means what?
Heart damage from disease/MI
