More lipids

Question 1

What are lipids

Answer 1

biomolecules that are insoluble in water but are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

Question 2

Classes of Lipids

Answer 2

Saponifiable lipids and Non-saponifiable lipids

Question 3

What is saponification

Answer 3

a reaction in which an ester is hydrolyzed using a strong base (like NaOH)
results in cleavage of the fatty acid from the glycerol backbone and produces a sodium salt fatty acid and glycerol

Question 4

What does saponification create

Answer 4

a sodium salt fatty acid and a glycerol

Question 5

What are the two sub-groups of saponifiable lipids

Answer 5

polar and nonpolar lipids

Question 6

What are the two sub-classes of saponifiable- polar-lipids

Answer 6

phospholipids, and glycolipids

Question 7

What is amphipathic

Answer 7

have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 8

What are saponifiable non-polar lipids

Answer 8

Triaclylglycerides

Question 9

What is the major function of triacylglycerides

Answer 9

Storage lipids

Question 10

What are two types of non-saponifiable lipids

Answer 10

Steroids and fat soluble vitamins

Question 11

Non-Saponifiable lipids do not contain ____ bonds

Answer 11

ester

Question 12

What are 2 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 12

A and E

Question 13

What is the hydrophilic and reactive group of a fatty acid

Answer 13

the carboxylic acid

Question 14

What dictates the function of a fatty acid

Answer 14

its structure

- more specifically its length and degree of saturation

Question 15

What are some functions of lipids

Answer 15

Structural building blocks
Signal molecules
Energy storage

Question 16

What are the 4 types of lipids

Answer 16

Enzyme Cofactors, Light absorbing pigments, Intracellular messengers, Hormones

Question 17

What is the most significant property of lipids

Answer 17

Hydrophobic properties

Question 18

The carboxylic acid group of a fatty acid forms what kind of bond with a glycerol backbone

Answer 18

ester

Question 19

_____ fatty acids are released from adipocytes and occur from the breakdown of triglycerides

Answer 19

free

Question 20

What do do free fatty acids bind to

Answer 20

plasma’s albumin protein and circulate in the blood

Question 21

Fatty acids are consumed by _____ to make ATP thru ________

Answer 21

mitochondria, Beta-Oxidation

Question 22

the notation 18:0 denotes what

Answer 22

18 carbons and 0 double bonds

Question 23

fatty acid chains are not what in animals but are in archaea

Answer 23

branched

Question 24

why are saturated fatty acids more stable

Answer 24

greater van der Waals forces with neighboring tails; tough to separate
tails pack tightly together so can stack and become solid more easily

Question 25

Saturated fatty acids are ____ at room temp

Answer 25

Solids

Question 26

Saturated fatty acids have a _______ membrane fluidity when compared to unsaturated

Answer 26

decreased

Question 27

Do proteins have difficulty crossing saturated fats

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

The conformation of unsaturated fatty acids in biological terms is always

Answer 28

Cis

Question 29

What happens to solubility when the chain of a fatty acid grows

Answer 29

it becomes more insoluble

Question 30

What is the maximum length of a fatty acid that our body can make

Answer 30

18 carbons

Question 31

How long are short chain fatty acids

Answer 31

less than 6 carbons

Question 32

where do short chain fatty acids get absorbed

Answer 32

directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein

Question 33

How long are medium Chain fatty acids

Answer 33

6-12 carbons

Question 34

Where are medium fatty acids absorbed

Answer 34

directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein

Question 35

How long are long chain Fatty acids

Answer 35

13-21 Carbons

Question 36

Where do long chain fatty acids get absorbed

Answer 36

in the walls of the small intestine and reassembled into triglycerides, coated with cholesterol and a protein forming chylomicrons - The chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system into the thoracic duct and travel up to the subclavian vein where it is released in the bloodstream to be stored in tissues

Question 37

what is the only end of a fatty acid that is ionizable

Answer 37

carboxyl end

Question 38

Humans do not have the ability to insert double bonds beyond carbon #_____

Answer 38

10 inbetween 9-10 is our last one

Question 39

what is the function of omega 9 fatty acids

Answer 39

help to lower bad cholesterol, increase good cholesterol and control blood sugar

Question 40

Where are omega 6 fatty acids found

Answer 40

in vegetable oil

Question 41

what is the function of omega 6 fatty acids

Answer 41

helps with the regulation of blood flow and blood cholesterol

Question 42

What is the common name for omega 6 FA

Answer 42

linoleate (18:2) and Arachidonate (20:4)

Question 43

What is the common name for omega 3 FA

Answer 43

Linolenate

Question 44

Which of the omega FA do we want the highest percentage of

Answer 44

omega 3 FA

Question 45

Where are omega 3 FA found

Answer 45

found in fish oil and originate from phytoplankton

Question 46

What is the function of omega 3 FA

Answer 46

has an anti-inflammatory effect which is beneficial to the heart to prevent atherosclerosis

Question 47

Sphingophospholipids have an _____ alcohol that contains _______ long hydrocarbon chain connected via the primary hydroxyl group to a ________ via a __________ bond

Answer 47

amino, unsaturated, phosphorylcholine, phosphodiester bond

Question 48

Sphingophospholipids play an important role in

Answer 48

cell recognition and binding