Lipids Flashcards by Tyler Turner

Derivatives of fatty acids serve as

hormones, signal molecules, and intracellular messenger

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Fatty acids are the building blocks of _______ and _______, components of biological membranes

Phospholipids and glycolipids

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suffix for a fatty acid with no double bond

-anoic

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suffix for a fatty acid with 1 double bond

-enoic

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suffix for a fatty acid with two double bonds

-adienoic

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Suffix for a fatty acid with three double bonds

-atrienoic

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The methyl carbon at the distal end of the chain is called the ______

omega carbon

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when number fatty acids you start where

at the carboxyl terminus

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Carbon number two of a fatty acid is the ______

alpha carbon

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Carbon number three of a fatty acid is the _____

beta carbon

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What group on a fatty acid is ionizable

The fatty acid head group

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Fatty acids usually contain an _____ number of C atoms, typically between ____ and ____

even, 14, and 24

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what are the two most common carbon fatty acids

16 and 18

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Is cis or trans fatty acids more common

Cis

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Fatty acids are ionized at physiological pH, so it is appropriate to refer to them according to their ______

Caroxylate form, ex palmitate instead of palmitic acid

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what determines the properties of a fatty acid

The length of the chain and the degree of saturation

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Unsaturated fatty acids have a _____ melting point than saturated fatty acids of the same length

lower

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The melting points of saturated fatty acids _____ with the chain length

increase

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What are the 3 essential fatty acids

Linoleate, Linolenate, and Arachidonate

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What is the systematic name for Palmitate

n-Hexadecanoate

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What is the systematic name for Stearate

n-Octadecanoate

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What is the systematic name Linoleate

Octadecadienoate

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What is the systematic name of Linolenate

Octadecatrienoate

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What is the systematic name of Arachidonate

Eicosatetraenoate

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how many carbons are in Palmitate

how many carbons are in Stearate

How many carbons are in Linoleate

How many carbons are in Linolenate

How many carbons are in Arachidonate

an archaean uses ____ linkage in its fatty acids because they are more resistant to hydrolysis

ether linkage

Branched and saturated hydrocarbons are more resistant to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Oxidation

What are the three major membrane lipids

Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Cholesterol

Cerebroide is what kind of major membrane lipid

Glycolipid

Phosphoglyceride and Sphingomyelin are what type of major class of membrane lipids

Phospholipids

What are the 4 components of a phospholipid

2-Fatty acids, a backbone to which fatty acids are attached (glycerol or spingosine) Phosphate, an alcohol attached to phosphate

What enables phospholipids to interact with water

Hydrophilic properties of phosphate and alcohol groups

Saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids usually occur at the ____ position of a phospholipid/Phosphoglyceride glycerol backbone

Unsaturated C16 to C20 fatty acids usually occupy the ____ position of a phospholipid/Phosphoglyceride glycerol backbone

Saturated ____ and \_\_\_\_fatty acids usually occur at the C1 position of a phospholipid/Phosphoglyceride glycerol backbone

C16 and C18

Unsaturated ___ to ____ fatty acids usually occupy the C2 position of a phospholipid/Phosphoglyceride glycerol backbone

C16 to C20

only small amounts of _____ are present in membranes

phosphatidate

What is phosphatidate (diacylglycerol 3-phosphate)

a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other phosphoglycerides.

What is the major function of Phosphatidylserine

Important for memory and cognition

What is the major function of Phosphatidylcholine

Major constituent of cell membrane and pulmonary surfactant

what is the major function of Phosphatidylethanolamine

composing 25% of all phospholipids in human physiology, they are found particularly in nervous tissue such as the white matter of brain

What is the major function of phosphatidylinositol

important signaling and other functional activities in eukaryotic cell

What is the major function of Diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin)

Important component of inner mitochondrial membrane

What is a Sphingosine

An amino alcohol that contains a long, unsaturated hydrocarbon

What is Sphingomyelin

A phospholipid with the sphingosine as the backbone

In Sphingomyelin the amino group of the sphingosine is linked to a fatty acid by an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Amide bone

Where is Sphingomyelin found

Found in animal cell membranes especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons

what are glycolipids derived from

sphingosine

What are the simplest glycolipids

Cerebroside, which contains a single sugar residue, either glucose or galactose

how do glycolipids differ from sphingomyelin

the identity of the unit that is linked to the primary hydroxyl group of the sphingosine backbone. In glycolipids it is one or more sugars (rather than phosphorylcholine)

In glycolipids the sugar residues are always on the ____________ side of the membrane

extracellular

how many sugar residues does a cerebroside contain

a single sugar residue, either a glucose or galactose

What are gangliosides?

more -complex glycolipids. may contain a branched chain of as many as seven sugar residues

where are Cerebrosides found

important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes

What is the common name for monoglycosylceramides

Cerbrosides

Why is cholesterol classified as a sterol

because of its C3-OH group and its branched aliphatic side chain of 8 to 10 atoms at C-17.

Cholesterol is a \_\_\_\_\_, present in eukaryotes but not in most \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

steroid, prokaryotes

Cholesterol is formed from how many fused saturated hydrocarbon rings

What is the ring system for cholesterol named

cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene

What is the most abundant steroid in animals

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a major component of the eukaryotic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Plasma membrane

In the membrane cholesterol is oriented _______ to the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids, and the hydroxyl group interacts with the nearby \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Parallel, phospholipid head group

Cholesterol is a metabolic precursor of what

steroid hormones

Cholesterol is absent in some _____ membranes and \_\_\_\_\_\_

intracellular, prokaryotes

How many carbons does laurate have

how many carbons does myristate have

How many carbons does arachidate have

how many carbons does behenate have

How many carbons does lignocerate have

How many carbons does Palmitoleate have

How many carbons does oleate have