Morphology and Structure 2

Question 1

what is glycocalyx?

Answer 1

surrounds outside of the cell, around cell wall

Question 2

what are the two forms of glycocalyx?

Answer 2

slime layer and capsule

Question 3

what is the function of glycocalyx?

Answer 3

-promotes adherence for biofilm formation
-protects against desiccation
-barrier to toxic molecules (antibiotics, chemicals)
-inhibits phagocytosis
-virulence factor

Question 4

what test is used to determine if a bacteria has a capsule?

Answer 4

Quellung reaction

Question 5

match the description to the terms slime later and capsule

1. easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer
2. well organized, uniform, and rigid

Answer 5

1 - slime layer
2 - capsule

Question 6

Based on this image does the bacteria have a capsule?

Answer 6

yes, capsule swollen

Question 7

what are the 3 major components of the flagella? what does it do?

Answer 7

filament - moving part
hook - attaches filament to basal body
basal body - anchors flagellum in cell wall/membrane

Question 8

what are H antigens?

Answer 8

composed of flagellin
way to distinguish flagellum

Question 9

Define atrichous

Answer 9

no flagellum

Question 10

Define monotrichous

Answer 10

single polar flagellum

Question 11

Define lophotrichous

Answer 11

multiple polar flagella

Question 12

define amphitrichous

Answer 12

single flagellum found at two opposite poles

Question 13

define pertrichous

Answer 13

multiple flagella all over cell

Question 14

Describe each flagella

Answer 14

Question 15

what are the 2 main classes of pili?

Answer 15

ordinary/common pili
sex pilus/conjugation pilus/F pilus

Question 16

Do bacteria have a nucleus or nucleoid?

Answer 16

nuceloid, no nuclear membrane present

genome free floating

Question 17

what is coupled transcription-translation?

Answer 17

translates RNA before it is done being transcribed

polyribosome present

Question 18

how is coupled transcription-translation a benefit?

Answer 18

quick response to changing environment

Question 19

what are important about bacterial chromosomes?

Answer 19

no introns and no histones
can quickly respond to environment

Question 20

are bacteria able to acquire plasmids?

Answer 20

yes through various genetic mechanisms

Question 21

what ribosomes do bacteria have?

Answer 21

70S - 50S and 30S subunit

Question 22

how are ribosomes and antibiotics related?

Answer 22

antibiotics target ribosomes

Question 23

which of the following ribosomes would antibiotics affect - 60S, 40S, 50S, 30S

Answer 23

50S and 30S

Question 24

what are inclusion bodies?

Answer 24

various granules, vesicles and vacuoles within cytoplasm

Question 25

why are inclusion bodies important?

Answer 25

detection can help in identifying bacteria

Question 26

what are endospores?

Answer 26

resting stage allowing organism to survive harsh environmental conditions

Question 27

what is endospores resistant to?

Answer 27

chemicals, desiccation, heat, radiation, acids, disinfectant, etc.

Question 28

what are the properties/structures of endospores?

Answer 28

core, spore wall, cortex, coat, and exosporium

Question 29

what is the difference between vegetative growth and sporulation?

Answer 29

vegetative growth results in more bacteria and sporulation does not

Question 30

what are the two clinically relevant genera that produce endospores?

Answer 30

Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 31