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Streptococcus Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Streptococci?

A

gram positive cocci
facultative anerobes
catalase-negative
colonies - smooth and mucoid

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2
Q

what is the grouping of streptococci into 20 lancefield groups based on?

A

group-specific cell wall carbohydrates

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3
Q

What hemolytic pattern does streptococci present?

A

various - aids in diagnosis

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4
Q

label the hemolysis on each? what agar is this?

A

blood agar
L - alpha
middle - gamma
R - beta

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5
Q

what are the envelope virulence factors of streptococci?

A

polysaccharide capsule
peptidoglycan and LTA
fimbrial M protein

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6
Q

what are the enzymes/toxin virulence factors of streptococci?

A

Hemolysins - streptolysins O and S
DNases
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinases/fibrinolysin
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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7
Q

what does polysaccharide capsule do?

A

inhibit phagocytosis
impart smooth/mucoid appearance to colonies

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8
Q

what does peptidoglycan and LTA do?

A

potent pyrogens
induce cytokine secretion
LTA - adhesin

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9
Q

what does fimbrial M protein do?

A

adhesin
inhibit complement activation
antiphagocytic
associated with post-streptococcal immune response

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10
Q

what does Hemolysins do?

A

destroy RBC
responsible for beta-hemolysis on blood agar

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11
Q

what does DNases do?

A

degrade DNA, liquifies pus to facilitate spread
evade immune response

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12
Q

what does hyaluronidase do?

A

break down hyaluronic acid in ECM, facilitate spread

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13
Q

what does streptokinase/fibrinolysin do?

A

dissolve blood clots, facilitates spread

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14
Q

what does streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins do?

A

SpeA and SpeC - super antigens - non-specific activation of T cells

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15
Q

what is the streptococcus causative agent of bovine mastitis?

A

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, or S. uberis

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16
Q

what are the sources of bacteria with mastitis?

A

bedding material, flies, milker’s hands, cross sucking, milking machine

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17
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. agalactiae?

A

beta-hemolytic, CAMP-positive

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18
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. dysgalactiae?

A

alpha-hemolytic, CAMP-negative

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19
Q

which streptococcus species is the contagious pathogen of mastitis? (animal to animal)

A

S. agalactiae
dec milk qualitty, dec milk production

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20
Q

which streptococcus species is the intermediate pathogen of mastitis? (environment and host)

A

S. dysgalactiae

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21
Q

What is the hemolysis and CAMP result of S. uberis?

A

alpha hemolytic and CAMP - negative

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22
Q

which streptococcus species is the environmental source of transmission of mastitis?

A

S. uberis

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23
Q

what are the somatic cells in a CMT test?

A

WBC

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24
Q

which is a positive and negative CAMP test?

A

A - positive
B - negative

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25
what test is used to estimate SCC?
CMT
26
when diagnosing mastitis what tests are done?
Minnesota easy culture Tri-plate CAMP test for S. agalactiae CMT
27
what is the Minnesota easy culture Tri-plate comprised of?
MacConkey - selects for gram neg Factor - select for gram positive MTKT - select for streptococcus
28
what is the CAMP test looking for in a mastitis case?
enhanced hemolysis - S. agalactiae
29
what is strangles?
equine distemper in horses
30
what are the causative agents of strangles?
S. equi spp. equi
31
what causes difficulty swallowing, extended head and neck, and difficulty breathing in strangles?
painful abscess in regional lymph nodes
32
what can abscess rupture from strangles result in?
purulent exudate guttural pouch empyema (purulent, septic exudate in pouch) chondroids (stones of pus in guttural pouch)
33
How is S. equi spp. equi transmitted?
through nasal secretions or purulent discharge from abscesses
34
what is the significance of chronic carriers of S. equi spp. equi?
shed intermittently can lead to development of bastard (metastatic) strangles
35
what is the pathogenesis of S. equi spp. equi?
36
what is purpura hemorrhagica?
complication from S. equi infection or vacination immune response against bacterial M protein type 3 hypersensitivity rxn
37
How do you diagnose S. equi spp. equi?
culture - gram positive streptococci, beta-hemolysis on blood agar PCR - detect species-specific M protein
38
How is S. equi spp. equi treated?
supportive care anti-inflammatory medications antibiotics contraindication (hard to penetrate abscess, spread to other LN)
39
How is S. equi spp. equi managed?
quarantine disinfection vaccine avaiable
40
what can S. equi spp. zooepidemicus cause?
hemorrhagic penumonia
41
what is the causative agent of this dogs disease?
S. equi spp. zooepidemicus
42
Is Steptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus commensal or opportunistic?
both
43
What environment is Streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus associated with?
kennel-type setting
44
45
what is the causative agent causing this?
S. equi spp. equi
46
what in S. equi spp. zooepidemicus similar to in humans, how?
toxic shock syndrome toxin results in cytokine storm > elevated pro inflammatory cytokines
47
Is S. equi spp. zooepidemicus a commensal or opportunistic pathogen?
both
48
How is S. equi spp. zooepidemicus transmitted?
direct contact with infected animals, contaminated fomites, or inhalation
49
what are the virulence factors present in S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?
capsule SzM protein - similar to M protein toxins/enzymes
50
How do you diagnose a S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?
culture and gram stain
51
what are the gram stains and hemolysis results of S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?
Gram-postive strep Beta-hemolysis Histopathology
52
How do you treat and manage S. equi spp. zooepidemicus?
treatment antibiotics: B-lactams management proper sanitation and protection
53
what can cause fading puppy and kitten syndrome?
Environmental Genetic or congenital defects infections - bacterial, viral
54
what is one of the bacterial causes of fading puppy and kitten syndrome?
S. canis
55
what diseases are S. canis associated with?
fading puppy & kitten syndrome secondary pneumonia neonatal septicemia
56
How is S. canis diagnosed?
culture - gram + streptococci, B hemolysis on blood agar
57
How is S. canis treated?
supportive care if infectious cause - antibiotics
58
Is S. suis an opportunistic or commensal pathogen?
opportunistic
59
what age of pigs of is S. suis most common in?
post-weaned pigs
60
what are the clinical signs of S. suis?
fever, septicemia, meningitis, lesions
61
what is this pig most likely infected with?
S. suis
62
How is S. suis transmitted?
between healthy carrier sows and their offspring main route upper respiratory tract S. suis prevalent in oral cavity and vaginal canal
63
What virulence factors does S. suis have?
adhesins proteins allowing immune system evasion
64
what are the proteins that allow S. suis to evade the immune system?
S. suis adenosine synthase (Ssads) - inhibits PMN activity IgG-degraading enzyme (IgdE) - degrades IgG Factor H-binding surface protein (Fhb) - inhibits phagocytosis
65
How is S. suis diagnosed?
history, clinical signs, age, and gross lesions culture - gram + strep, alpha hemolysis
66
How is S. suis treated?
parenteral antibiotics for meningitis supportive care
67
How is S. suis managed?
improved husbandry proper sanitation/disinfection

Microbiology (29 decks)

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