Most Common Part 1 Flashcards
Compiled most commons
1
Q
Most common cause of congenital UTO
A
UPJ obstruction
2
Q
Most common nonobstructive cause of
dilatation of the urinary tract observed in
prenatal utz
A
VUR
3
Q
Most common vascular lesion in LN:
A
simple
vascular immune deposition
4
Q
Most common lesion in SLE active class 3 and 4
A
simple
vascular immune deposition
5
Q
Most common class LN where you find
Noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy
in arterioles
A
active class IV LN
6
Q
Most common class of LN where tubulointerstitial immune deposits are found
A
active proliferative class III and IV LN.
7
Q
Most common clinical manifestation of APL
A
DVT
8
Q
Most common pattern of glomerular
involvement for MCTD
A
membranous
nephropathy
9
Q
Most common form of crescentic GN
A
Pauciimmune
rapidly progressive GN
10
Q
Most common ANCA for px with WG w
granulomatous lesions
A
C ANCA against
PR3
11
Q
The most common associated illness found
in patients with classic PAN
A
hepatitis B
infection
12
Q
Most common organ affected in PAN
A
kidney
13
Q
Most common clinical findings of true PAN
A
constitutional symptoms of fever, weight
loss, and malaise
14
Q
For Microscopic polyangitis: most typical
histologic finding
A
focal segmental
necrotizing GN with crescents affecting from
few to many glomeruli
15
Q
Most common ANCA in Churg Strauss
Syndrome
A
Most are P-ANCA and anti-MPO positive
16
Q
most common form of arteritis in Western
countries
A
Temporal arteritis
17
Q
Most common Ig deposited (seen in IF) in
HSP
A
IgA
18
Q
Most common Ig depostited in LN
A
IgG
19
Q
Most common extrarenal findings in
Goodpastures
A
pulmonary
20
Q
most common biopsy picture for
Goodpasture
A
diffuse crescentic GN
involving more than 50% of glomeruli, with
exuberant, predominantly circumferential
crescents
21
Q
Most common IF finding Goodpasture
A
intense and diffuse linear staining for IgG
involving the GBM
22
Q
Most common renal pathology in Sjogrens
A
tubulointerstitial nephritis
23
Q
Most common renal findings in Sarcoidosis
A
granulomatous interstitial nephritis,
nephrolithiasis, and tubular functional
abnormalities
24
Q
The most common organ involved in AL
amyloid
A
Kidneys, heart, peripheral nerves
25
Most common cause of death in amyloidosis
Cardiac involvement with associated heart
| failure and arrhythmias
26
Most common renal presentation of
| cryoglobulinemia
acute nephritic picture
27
Most common disease associated with
| Mixed Cryo type II and III
HCV
28
Most pathognomonic ophthalmic abnormality
| in Alport’s
Anterior lenticonus
29
Most common GN assocd with NSAIDS
MCD (with interstitial nephritis)
30
Most common GN assocd with Heroin
FSGS
31
Most common GN assocd with Gold
Membranous
32
Most common GN assocd with Pencillamine
Membranous
33
Mos common GN assocd with carcinoma:
Membranous
34
Most common GN associated with Hep B
Membranous
35
Most common risk factor for HIVAN
IV drug use
36
Most common glomerular lesions among
| whites who have HIV (no IV drug use)
diffuse mesangial hyperplasia
37
Most common glomerular lesions among
| BLACKS who have HIV (no IV drug use)
severe FSGS
38
Most common pattern of IMMUNE
| COMPLEX mediated GN seen in HIV
MGPN
39
Most typical GN lesion in IE:
focal and
segmental endocapillary proliferative GN w
focal crescents
40
The most common pattern of Monoclonal Ig
| Deposition disease
LCDD – light chain
| depos. Dse
41
Most common cause of gross hematuria in
| young females
UTI
42
Most common underlying systemic disease
| causing nephrotic syndrome
DM
43
In lipiduria, the urine fat most commonly
| comes from
derived HDL
44
Major lesion of DMN Type 1 leading to renal dsynfxn:
Mesangial expansion
45
Major cause of mortality among T1DM
ESRD
46
Major cause of fistula malfunctions in DM px
inadequate arterial inflow
47
Major nutritional problem of PD
gain of glucose
48
Most important host defense that maintains
| sterility of urine
normal, unobstructed
| voiding
49
Most abundant protein in urine
Tamm
| Horsfall protein
50
Most common cytokines involved in UTI
IL-6
| and IL-8
51
Most UTIs post KT occur
first 3 months
52
Most common pathogen UTI post KT
Enterobac – E. coli
53
Most common pathogen Emphysematous
| cystitis/PN
E. coli, Kpn
54
Most common pathogen Xanthogran PN
P. mirabilis (followdb by Ecoli)
55
Most common urine picture in GUTB
sterile pyuria with hematuria
56
Most common CT finding for GUTB
renal calcification
57
Most common pathogen cystitis
E. coli
| 2nD:S. saprophyticus
58
Most impt behavioral assocn of UTI in
| premenop women
sexual intercourse
59
Strongest assocn of recurrent acute cystitis
| in postmenop women
History of prior UTI at
| a younger age
60
The most common cause of community
| acquired bacteremia
urinary tract
61
The most common pathogen causing
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in men >65
CONS
62
Most common and important parastitic
| infestation of Urinary tract
Schistosoma
| hematobium
63
Most common extrarenal findings in
| Atheroemboilic dse
Cutaneous symptom
64
Most common internal organ affected by
| Atheroembolic dse
kidney
65
Most common intervention reported to incite
| chole embolizaion
arteriographic procedures
| coro angio
66
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
| with gross hematuria
Hb-AS2
67
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
| with proteinuria
homozygous Hb-SS
68
Most common source of bleeding in papillary
| necrosis in px with SC:
Left kidney
69
Most prominent lesions seenin pathology of
| px with sickle cell disease:
medullary lesions
70
Most common cause of renal failure in sickle
| cell diseae
FSGS
71
Most common location of Renal artery
| aneurysm
bifurcation of renal artery or in first order branch arteries
72
Most common type of renal artery aneurysm
saccular type
73
Most common surgical tx for treating renal
| artery aneurysm
in situ aneurysmectomy
| and revasularization
74
Most common manifestation of chronic
| dissection of renal artery aneurysm
Renovascualar HPN
75
RVT in adults most commonly assocated
| with
Nephrotic syndrome
76
Most common cause of AKI
prerenal azotemia
77
Most common precipitating event for type 1
| HRS:
SBP
78
Most common complication of AKI
infection
79
Principal risk factor for devt of AKI
CKD
80
Most common immunologic cause of
| Intersitial nephritis
Acute allograft rejection
| in transplant px
81
Most common causes of intrinsic AKI
ischemic and septic ATN
82
Second most common cause of intrinsic AKI
nephrotoxic
83
Most nephrotoxic antibiotic
Neomycin
84
Most common site of cisplatin nephrotoxicity
| in rats
S3 segment of PT in corticomedullary
| region
85
Most common cause of postrenal azotemia
bladder neck obstruction
86
Most common segment in PT damaged in
| ischemic injury
S3
87
Mot common segment involved in toxic
| nephropathy
S1, S2
88
Most common intrinsic AKI that presents with
| FeNa of <1%:
radiocontrast, rhabdo
89
Most common location of extra adrenal
| tumor in pheo
Abdomen - superior and
| inferior paraaortic areas
90
Most common / α-blocker of choice for med
| tx of pheo
phenoxybenzamine
91
The most common routine laboratory finding
| in GRA
low PRA level
92
Highest level of NOS activity
medullary collecting ducts
93
```
FiBromuscular dysplasia (cause of RAS)
assocd s string of beads appearance
```
Medial fibroplasia
94
Renal reperfusion injury most pronounced in
prox tubules
95
FMD more common in right renal artery
women
96
Most common renovascular lesion
Atherosclerosis affecting renal arteries.
| ARAS
97
Most cmon presentation RAS
worsening of preexisting hpn
98
Most common cause of DGF in deceased
| donor kidney recipients
ischemic ATN
99
Most common cause of allograft loss in the
| first week
Acute vascular thrombosis
100
Most common time period acute rejections
| occur in:
first 6 mths
101
Most common time period acute rejections
first 6 mths
102
Most commonly implicated cause of AIN in
| KT px:
TMP SMX
103
Best test to demonstrate bladder leak:
cystography
104
Most commn time frame that UTO occurs
| post KT
early post KT period (within 6 mos)
105
most important cause of allograft dysfunction
| after the first 6 to 12 months
```
Chronic
allograft injury (CAI).
```
106
Principal risk factors in persistent hyperpara
| in post KT:
degree of pre transplant
| hyperpara, duration of dialysis
107
Principal cause of hyperK in post KT
CNI
108
The most important cause of hyperuricemia
| and gout after transplant
CNIs (particularly
| CYA)
109
Most commonly affected bone in
| Osteonecrosis post KT
the femoral head
110
Most sensitive diagnostic modality to dx
| osteonecrosis
MRI
111
Most of the bone loss in post KT
| osteoporosis occurs in the
first 6 months
| after transplant.
112
Most common cause of early and late
| allograft loss
Death with a functioning
| allograft (mc. Casue: cardiovascular disease)
113
Most common type of PTLD post transplant
non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
114
Most common time frame PTLD occurs post
| KT:
24 months after transplant
115
Major risk factor for pre
| eclampsia
APAS (followed by Renal
| disease)
116
Most reliable sign of superimposed pre
eclampsia on chronic HPN (in the absence of
underlying renal disease
new onset
proteinuria (>300 mg/day) usually with
worsening HPN
117
The most common cause of AKI during
| pregnancy
prerenal azotemia due to
hyperemesis gravidarum or vomiting from
acute pyelonephritis
118
Most common stones in pregnancy
Calcium
| oxalate and calcium phosphate
119
Most common renal problem encountered
| during gestation
infection of urinary trac
120
Most common complication of pregnancy in
| KTR:
hypertension
121
Most relevant phosphatonin in the setting of
| CKD
FGF23
122
Most important transport channel in the
| transcellular uptake of Ca in the kidneys
TRPV5 (as opposed to intestines: TRPV 6)
123
highest density of protein expression of CasR
cortical thick ascending
| limb.
124
most important determinantin minute to
| minute PTH secretio
extracellular
| concentration of ionized calcium
125
Most potent phosphate-binding compounds
Aluminum
126
most effective agent available for reducing
| serum PTH levels in patients with ESRD
Cinacalcet
127
The most frequent side effect of cinacalcet
nausea and vomiting
128
Most common and most troublesome side
| effect of icodectrin
Skin rashes
129
most common pathway of invasion in
| peritonitis
catheter’s lumen
(the next most frequent pathway is by the
periluminal route)
130
Most common organism causing peritonitis
G (+) particularly S. epidermidis
131
Most common overt complication of primary
| Hyperpara
nephrolithiasis
132
Most important inhibitor of stone formation
citrate
133
Most important regulator of citrate reabsorption
cell pH in the proximal tubule
134
The most prevalent cause of hyperuricosuria
| in px with kidney stones
excessive dietary
| purine
135
Most important and invariant finding in uric
| acid nephrolithiasis
low urinary pH
136
Most common encountered stone with
| HYPERURICOSURIA
ca oxalate
137
Most important stimuli for AVP secretion
| under physiologic conditions
osmotic
| pressure of plasma
138
Most common mutation in Congential NDI
mutations of the AVP V2 receptor
139
most common cause of drug induced NDI
lithium
140
Most common causes of
| pseudohyponatremia
primary or secondary
| hyperlipidemic disorders.
141
Most common extrarenal cause of
| hypovolemic hyponatremia:
gastrointestinal
| disease with vomiting or diarrhea.
142
Most common cause of diuretic induced
| hyponatremia
thiazides
143
Most common cause of hyponatremia in
| hospitalized px:
SIADH
144
Most common tumor causing SIADH
Small cell Ca
145
Most common side effect of Conivaptan
injection site reactions
146
Most commonly expressed KCC in the proximal tubule
KCC3 , KCC4
147
Most AQP1 in the tDL is expressed in what
| type of epithelial cell:
type II
148
Most AQP1 expressed in this segment
thin descending limb of LOH (OM)
149
NKCC2 protein with the highest affinity for
| Cl
NKCC2B
150
Most NaKATPase expressed in
DCT
