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Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer > Most Common Part 2 > Flashcards

Most Common Part 2 Flashcards

Compiled most commons

1
Q

Most of potassium is secreted in:

A

CNT

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2
Q

Most common cause of absolute hypovolemia

A

Massive bleeding by GI or

trauma

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3
Q

Most recognized renal effect of AVP in CHF

A

hyponatremia

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4
Q

earliest clinical sign in hypervolemia

A

HPN, (ffd by peripheral edema andincreased JVP

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5
Q

Most common cause of type 1 HOKP

A

Autosomal dominant mutations in CACNA1S
gene encoding the α1-subunit of L-type
calcium channels

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6
Q

most common cause of

hypokalemic distal RTA

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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7
Q

Most common causes of chronic, difficult to

dx hypokalemia

A

Gitelman’s Syndrome, Surreptitious vomiting,

Diuretic abuse

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8
Q

Most common cause of HyperK in ER

A

Renalfailure

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9
Q

Most important infectious cause of Adrenal

insuffcy

A

HIV

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10
Q

Most common cause of adrenalitis in HIV

A

CMV

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11
Q

Most cmmon casue of hyperphosphatemia

A

decreased renal function

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12
Q

Most common cause of

pseudohyperphosphatemia

A

paraproteinemia
(as in multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s
macroglobulinemia)

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13
Q

Most common form of familial PHPT

A

MEN1

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14
Q

Most common granulomatous disease

causing hypercalcemia

A

Sarcoidosis

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15
Q

The most common cause of acquired

hypoparathyroidism in adults

A

surgical
removal of or damage to the parathyroid
glands

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16
Q

best indicator of vit D status

A 
The level
of 25(OH)D in the serum
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17
Q

Most common cause of autosomal
recessive proximal tubule renal tubular
acidosis (RTA)

A

Defects in NBCe1

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18
Q

Most important /principal defect in advanced

renal failure causing NAGMA

A

ammoniagenesis is reduced in proportion

to the loss of functional renal mass

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19
Q

Most common cause of acquired proximal

RTA in adults

A

MM, chemotherapeutic drug

injury (ifosfamide)

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20
Q

Most common Mechanisms for dRTA

A

Defects in: basolateral HCO3/Cl exchanger *

and subunits of H ATPase

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21
Q

Most common example of the “gradient”

defect as a cause of dRTA

A

Amphotericin B

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22
Q

most frequently associated renal diseases in Hyporeninmeic

hypoaldosteronism

A

diabetic nephropathy

and tubulointerstitial disease.

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23
Q

Most common cause of type A lactic

acidosis

A

Tissue underperfusion and acute
underoxygenation at the tissue level (tissue
hypoxia)

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24
Q

most commonly associated Acid base

disturbance with salicylate intoxication

A

respiratory alkalosis

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25
Most common open system buffer
CO2-HCO3 system
26
Most common form of anemia in CKD
normocytic, normochromic or slightly hypochromic anemia with insufficient production of erythrocytes
27
Major/Most common cause of anemia in CKD:
EPO deficiency
28
Most notable hemaotologic effect of aluminum In dialyzed patients
microcytic | anemia
29
Most frequent type of renal cancer
clear cell | renal carcinomas
30
``` The most consistent abnormality in platelet function in uremia ```
impaired interaction | of platelets with the vascular subendothelium
31
Most common cause of bleeding in CKD
platelet abnormalities
32
Most effective treatment of uremic platelet | dysfunction
treatment of anemia with | rHuEPO
33
first aspect of treatment to correct | uremic platelet dysfuxn
provide adequate | dialysis
34
most common pigment alteration in kidney in | dialysis patients
yellowish tint to the s
35
Most commonly involved area in dialysis | associated steal syndrome
Brachial area in dm px
36
Most common causes of Gross hematuria
IgA nephropathy or hereditary nephritis
37
The most consistent tubular lesion in MCD
increased protein and lipid resorption | droplets in tubular epithelial cells.
38
The most common malignancies assocd with | membranous
cancers of the lung and | prostate.
39
Most common IF finding in Membranous
IgG
40
best predictor of spontaneous remission | in MN
decrease in proteinuria of | more than 50% in the first year of followup
41
strongest indicator of progressive | disease in MN
persistence of moderate proteinuria
42
The most common histologic features of type I | MPGN
diffuse global capillary wall thickening, increased mesangial matrix , endocapillary hypercellularity
43
most common glomerular lesion of all of forms | of glomerulonephritis:
IgAN
44
Most common cause of RPGnin children
Immune complex crescentic | glomerulonephritis
45
most common cause of RPGN and crescentic glomerulonephritis in adults, especially older adults
Pauci-immune crescentic | glomerulonephritis
46
Most important determinant of patient survival | in ANCA small vessel vasculitis dse
pulm hemorrhage
47
Most important predictor of renal outcome / | risk for ESRD in ANCA dse
entry serum | crea
48
Most common cause of AIN
Drug | hypersensitivity
49
Most common implicated drug in AIN
B lactam | antibiotics
50
Most common cause of chronic renal failure in | sarcoidosis:
nephrocalcinosis
51
Most common malignancy causing TMA:
carcinoma (gastric carcinoma)
52
Most common chemotherapeutic drug causing | TMA:
Mitomycin C
53
Most common dose limiting side effect of | cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity
54
primary site for clearance of cisplatin
kidney
55
Most common clinical scenario in cisplatin | nephrotoxicity
gradual onset of | nonoliguric AKI
56
Most common electrolyte problem with | cetuximab
hypoMg
57
Most common renal pathologic finding with | bisphosphonates
ATN
58
Most common glomerular lesion reported in | GVHD:
Membranous nephropathy
59
Most common clinical presentation of Renal | cell ca
asymptomatic (previous: | hematuria)
60
Most common site of metastases for RCC:
lung
61
Most common type of sarcoma of the kidney
fibrosarcoma
62
Most common symptom in patietns with pelvic | tumors:
gross hematuria
63
Most common symptom Will’s
asymptomatic | abdominal mass
64
Most commons site of origin for cysts in APKD:
collecting ducts and distal nephron
65
Most common extrarenal manifestation of | APKD
polycystic liver
66
Most common cause of infection in APKD
UTI and polycystic liver cysts: Enterobacteriacae
67
Most common valvular defect in patients with | APKD
MVP
68
Most common cause of an abdominal mass in infancy and most common type of bilateral cystic disease in newborns
Multicystic Dysplastic | Kidneys
69
Most common cystic abnormality | encountered in human kidneys
simple cysts
70
Most common cause of stone formation in | patients with MSK
absorptive | hypercalciuria
71
Most common type of tumor / RCC assocd | with Acquired cystic kidney disease
Papillary (#2 clear

Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer (29 decks)

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