"Most commons" + surprise

Question 1

Most common genetic cause of MR

Answer 1

Down’s syndrome

Question 2

2nd most common genetic cause of MR

Answer 2

Fragile-X syndrome

Question 3

Most common cancer of the children

Answer 3

ALL

Question 4

Most common lysosomal storage d/o

Answer 4

Gaucher disease

Question 5

Most common germ cell tumor of the testis

Answer 5

Seminoma

Question 6

Most common malignant germ cell tumor of the testis in infancy and early childhood

Answer 6

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor

Question 7

Most common systemic vasculitides

Answer 7

Temporal arteritis

Question 8

Most common acquired heart disease

Answer 8

Kawasaki disease

Question 9

Most common cause of upper GUT hematuria

Answer 9

Renal stones

Question 10

Most common cause of lower GUT hematuria

Answer 10

UTI

Question 11

Most common non-infx lower GUT hematuria

Answer 11

Urothelial CA

Question 12

Most common microscopic hematuria in adult males

Answer 12

BPH

Question 13

Parameters involved in Acute Renal Failure 2ndary to renal cause

Answer 13

Urine Osm 20
FeNa >2%
BUN/ Crea ratio

Question 14

CRF stage
polyuria
GFR =50%
Asymptomatic
Normal BUN, Crea

Answer 14

I: Diminished renal reserve

Question 15

CRF stage
Polyuria
GFR =20-50%
(+) azotemia, HPN, anemia

Answer 15

II: Renal insufficiency

Question 16

CRF stage
Oliguria
(+) uremia, edema, metab acidosis, hypoCa

Answer 16

III: Renal failure

Question 17

CRF stage
oliguria/anuria
GFR

Answer 17

ESRD

Question 18

Congenital abN presenting w/ renal agenesis, club foot, and pulmo hypoplasia

Answer 18

Renal agenesis

Question 19

Congenital renal anomaly assoc w/ Turner syndrome

Answer 19

Horseshoe kidney

Question 20

Enlarged irreg kidneys w/ islands of undifferentiated mesenchyme; can be unilat or bilat

Answer 20

Cystic renal dysplasia

Question 21

Bilateral
Mutation in PKD (polycystin)
Assoc w/ extrarenal anomalies like berry aneurysm, HPN, MVP, cyst in liver, spleen, pancreas, lungs

Answer 21

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dse

Question 22

Bilat mostly
Mutation on Chr 6 (PKHD1-> fibrocystin)
(+) Spokes on wheel pattern
Smooth outside, spongy inside
Causes potter facies

Answer 22

Autosomal recessive PKD

Question 23

Multiple cystic dilation of CD in the medulla

Asymptomatic

Answer 23

Medullary sponge kidneys

Question 24

Cysts on the corticomedullary jx

progress to CRF in 5-10 yrs

Answer 24

Nephronophthisis- medullary cystic disease complex

Question 25

Most common renal cyst; cortical

Answer 25

Simple cyst

Question 26

Presents with cortical and medullary cysts
Dialysis-related
Complication: renal cell CA

Answer 26

Acquired cystic dse

Question 27

LM: hypercellularity
IF: granular deposits
EM: Subepithelial humps

Answer 27

PSGN

Question 28

LM: Crescent formation
IF: Linear deposits
EM: GBM disruption

Answer 28

RPGN

Question 29

LM: Capillary wall thickening
IF: Granular IgG and C3
EM: Spike and dome

Answer 29

Membranous Glomerulopathy

Question 30

EM: Effacement of foot processes

Answer 30

Minimal change disease

Question 31

LM: Tram track
IF: Granular
EM: Type I - subendothelial deposit
Type II - intramembranous deposit

Answer 31

MPGN

Question 32

LM: Focal sclerosis and hyalinosis
IF: Focal deposits of IgM, C3
EM: Loss of foot processes, epith denudation

Answer 32

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Question 33

LM: Mesangial widening and proliferation
IF: Mesangial deposits
EM: Mesangial deposits

Answer 33

IgA nephropathy

Question 34

Most common cause of nephritic syndrome in children

Answer 34

PSGN

Question 35

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 35

Minimal change disease

Question 36

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 36

FSGS

Question 37

Most common GN overall

Answer 37

IgA nephropathy

Question 38

Most common cause of ARF

Answer 38

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 39

Most common cause of Chronic renal failure

Answer 39

Diabetes mellitus