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Physics Repeats > Motion, Forces, and Energy Definitions > Flashcards

Motion, Forces, and Energy Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Analogue device?

A

A measuring device that requires the user to read from a scale to obtain the measurement.

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2
Q

What is Digital device?

A

A measuring device that displays the measurement on a display, rather than requiring the user to read from a scale.

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3
Q

What is Magnitude?

A

a measure of size.

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4
Q

What is Micrometre screw gauge?

A

A measuring implement used to accurately measure very small distances.

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5
Q

What is Pendulum?

A

A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot, that swings freely.

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6
Q

What is Resultant vector?

A

a single vector with the same effect as the sum of all the individual vectors.

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7
Q

What is Scalar?

A

a quantity with magnitude only.

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8
Q

What is Vector?

A

a quantity with magnitude and direction.

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9
Q

What is Volume?

A

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.

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10
Q

What is Acceleration?

A

When an object’s speed is changing; it is represented by a non-zero gradient on a speed-time graph. Defined as the rate of change of velocity, it can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.

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11
Q

What is Acceleration of free fall?

A

The approximately constant acceleration (of approximately 9.8 m/s²) with which objects free fall, when close to the earth.

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12
Q

What is Air resistance?

A

A force opposing an object’s direction of motion through air. It is a form of friction due to the air particles colliding with the object.

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13
Q

What is Average speed?

A

The average speed is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken.

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14
Q

What is Deceleration?

A

Negative acceleration.

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15
Q

What is Distance?

A

A measure of how far an object moves. It is a scalar quantity.

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16
Q

What is Distance–time graph?

A

A plot of how an object’s distance changes over time. The gradient of the graph at any point equals the object’s speed at that point.

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17
Q

What is Displacement?

A

A measure of how far an object moves in a certain direction (its overall change in position), calculated by the difference between final and initial readings. It is a vector quantity.

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18
Q

What is Free fall?

A

Motion under the force of gravity alone, without air/liquid resistance.

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19
Q

What is Liquid resistance?

A

A force opposing an object’s direction of motion through liquid. It is a form of friction due to the liquid particles colliding with the object.

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20
Q

What is Speed?

A

A measure of the rate of change of distance. It is a scalar quantity.

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21
Q

What is Speed–time graph?

A

A plot of how an object’s speed changes over time. The gradient of the graph at any point equals the object’s acceleration at that point. The area under the graph represents the distance travelled.

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22
Q

What is Terminal velocity?

A

The constant speed achieved by an object falling through a gas or liquid.

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23
Q

What is Gravitational field?

A

A region where a mass will experience gravitational force. All matter produces a gravitational field around it, and the greater its mass, the stronger the field.

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24
Q

What is Velocity?

A

The speed in a given direction. It measures the rate of change of displacement, considering magnitude and direction, so is a vector quantity.

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25
What is Balance?
A piece of apparatus that can compare different weights and masses.
26
What is Gravitational field strength?
The amount of gravitational force (weight) acting on an object, per unit of its mass. It is equivalent to acceleration of free fall (g) as it is 9.8 N/kg on Earth.
27
What is Mass?
A measurement of how much matter is in an object. Mass is the property of an object that resists change in motion. It is a scalar quantity.
28
What is Weight?
The gravitational force that acts on an object with mass (the effect of a gravitational field on a mass). It is equal to the product of the object’s mass and the gravitational field strength at its location. It is a vector quantity.
29
What is Density?
The mass per unit volume of an object.
30
What is Elastic solid?
Objects that can be deformed when force is applied and will return to their original shape and size when the force is removed.
31
What is Extension?
The lengthening of an object as a result of applied force.
32
What is Load-extension graphs?
A graph that shows how the extension of an object varies with the force (load) applied.
33
What is Friction?
A resistive contact force that acts to oppose the relative motion between two surfaces. Some energy of the object in contact is lost as heat in the process.
34
What is Limit of proportionality?
The point beyond which the extension of an elastic object is no longer directly proportional to the force applied to it.
35
What is Resultant force?
A single force with the same effect as the sum of all the individual forces acting on an object (taking into account direction).
36
What is Spring constant?
A measure of a spring’s stiffness. The higher the spring constant, the smaller the extension is for a given force.
37
What is Equilibrium?
An object in equilibrium has a zero resultant force and a zero resultant moment.
38
What is Moment of a force?
The turning effect of a force, equal to the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.
39
What is Perpendicular distance?
The shortest distance from the line in which a force acts, to the pivot point. If perpendicular to the object, perpendicular distance is the length of the object.
40
What is Pivot point?
the point which the object can rotate about.
41
What is Centre of gravity?
The single point through which all the mass of an object can be said to act.
42
What is Line of action of weight?
A line which geometrically represents where the force of weight acts on an object.
43
What is Plane lamina?
A body whose mass is concentrated in a single plane.
44
What is Plumb line?
a piece of thread used in the experiment to measure centre of gravity.
45
What is Stability?
A measure of the likelihood of an object toppling. An object is unstable if the object’s line of action of weight lies outside of its base.
46
What is Conservation of momentum?
The total momentum of a system before an event is always equal to the total momentum of the system after the event.
47
What is Impulse?
The change of a system’s momentum as a result of a force acting over a period of time.
48
What is Momentum?
The product of an object’s mass and velocity.
49
What is Chemical energy?
A store of energy found in things such as batteries, fuels and food.
50
What is Elastic potential (strain) energy?
The store of energy that stretched or compressed objects contain.
51
What is Electrical current?
An electric current is a flow of electric charge in a circuit.
52
What is Flow diagram?
A diagram demonstrating the flow of energy during an event or process.
53
What is Gravitational potential energy?
The store of energy that all raised matter has. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object, the distance that it is raised, and the gravitational field strength at that point.
54
What is Internal energy?
It is defined as the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules.
55
What is Kinetic energy?
The store of energy that all moving matter has. It is directly proportional to the object’s mass and to the square of its velocity.
56
What is Nuclear energy?
Non-renewable energy generated from the energy stored in the nuclei of radioactive isotopes. It is released in processes known as nuclear fission.
57
What is Principle of conservation of energy?
The law that energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated but never created or destroyed.
58
What is Sankey diagram?
A diagram demonstrating the flow of energy during an event or process. Unlike flow diagrams, it differentiates useful output and waste energy, and shows amount of energy transferred to each source.
59
What is Work done?
Work is done on an object when a force causes it to move through a distance. It is equal to the product of the distance travelled and the magnitude of the force in the direction of motion.
60
What is Efficiency?
The ratio of useful output energy transfer to total energy input. It can never exceed 100%, due to the conservation of energy.
61
What is Geothermal energy?
Renewable energy generated from the conversion of the thermal energy found below the Earth’s surface into electrical energy.
62
What is Hydroelectric power?
Renewable energy generated by water stored at a height, and released through a turbine. The turbine turns a generator which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy.
63
What is Nuclear fission?
The process of splitting a single heavy nucleus (part of an atom) into two lighter nuclei, releasing energy.
64
What is Nuclear fusion?
The process of making a single heavy nucleus (part of an atom) from two lighter nuclei.
65
What is Renewable energy resource?
An energy resource that can be replenished whilst it is being used.
66
What is Solar energy?
Renewable energy generated by converting the energy of the sun into electrical energy, usually by using a solar panel.
67
What is Tidal energy?
Renewable energy is generated by trapping water when at high tide, and then releasing it through a turbine. The turbine turns a generator which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy.
68
What is Wind energy?
Refers to the process of creating electricity using the wind.
69
What is Power?
The rate at which energy is transferred, or the rate at which work is done. It is calculated by dividing the work done by the time taken.
70
What is Normal?
Acting at a right angle to a boundary or surface.
71
What is Pressure?
The force acting perpendicular to a surface, per unit area.

Physics Repeats (19 decks)

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