Motivation Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is motivation
The set of forces that prompt a person to release energy in a certain direction. It is a need and want satisfying a process
Two types of motivators
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
What is the Fredrick Taylor’s scientific method in historically perspectives of motivation
Inefficiency in labour and though that there has to be “one best way” to do the work
Explain the principles of Fredrick Taylor’s scientific method
Scientific approach to a persons job which divides work and responsibility between management and workers based on sustainability
What the impact of Fredrick’s scientific management
Led to an increase in productivity, also contributed to specialization of labour
Explain the Hawthorne studies as a historical perspective on motivation
Focus shifted from efficiency to understanding human behaviour and relations
Explain Hawthorne effect
Highlight significance of employee welfare and social needs causing employees to perform better as they were singled out and valued by management
Hawthornes influence on management practices
Importance of employees attitude and satisfaction in organisational performances — shifting focus from solely economic incentives to broader motivational factors
Explain Maslows hierarchy of needs as a historical perspecitve of motivation
Sequence of human needs in order of importance
- physiological needs
-safety needs
- social needs
- esteem needs
- self-actualization needs
Look at maslows pyramid in slides
…
Explain mcgregors theory x and theory y as historical perspectives on motivation
Sets of assumptions about managerial attitudes and beliefs regarding worker behaviour
Theory x (consistent with Taylor’s scientific method )
- employees dislike work and will only function in controlled work environment
Theory y (consitent with human relations movement)
- employees accept responsibility and wrk toward organizational goals if they will also achieve personal reward
Explain theory z and its features (5) as historical perspectives on motivation
Combines US an Japanese management practises
Features
- long-term employment
- slow evaluation and promotion through training
- Group decision-making
- relatively informal control with explicit performance measures
- individual responsibility within a stable, loyal workforce
Explain herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory
Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions (when you’re not satisfied means you’re not dissatisfied)
Motivation factors of herzbergs motivation theory
Job factors that increase motivation but whose absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction
Hygiene factors of herzbergs theory
Job factors that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree but that don’t necessarily result in higher levels of motivation
Explain the expectancy theory as contemporary perspectives on motivation
Explorers relationship between motivation and behaviour. It focuses on how an individuals belief in the outcome of their actions and value they play on those outcome drive their motivation
3 key concepts of the expectancy theory
- effort-performance link
- performance outcome link
Outcome needs link
Explain the equity theory as contemporary perspectives on motivation
Based on individuals perceptions of fairness in comparison with their co-workers
Explain he goal-setting theory as contemporary perspectives on motivation
Based on the premise that an individual’s intention to work toward a goal is a primary source of motivation
Explain the reinforcing theory as contemporary perspectives on motivation
Reinforcement theory says that behaviour is a function of its consequences. People do things cause they know other things will follow
What are the three motivational techniques of motivational job design
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
Job rotation
What are 3 motivation techniques in work scheduling options
Flex Time
Compressed work week
Job sharing
2 motivation techniques in recognition and empowerment
Formal recognition
Employee empowerment
3 motivation techniques regarding economic incentives
Gain sharing
Bonuses
Profit sharing
