Motivation and Emotion

Question 0

primary drives

Answer 0

biological needs, such as hunger or thirst

Question 1

drive reduction theory

Answer 1

behavior is motivated by biological or survival needs. Our body seeks homeostasis, and if not fulfilled it creates primary and secondary drives.

Question 2

secondary drives

Answer 2

learned drives that can get us to satisfy our primary drives. For example, we learn that resources like money can get us food and water.

Question 3

arousal theory

Answer 3

we seek an optimal level of excitement or arousal. However, everyone has different levels of arousal. For example, someone with a high optimum level are drawn to high-excitement behaviors

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 4

the relationship between preforming well on an easy task with a very high level of arousal

Question 5

opponent-process theory of motivation

Answer 5

explains addictive behaviors because we may preform an act that moves us from the baseline, which is a state that normal people are usually at. At first, these acts will be pleasurable, but them we feel an opponent process, which is a motivation to return to our baseline.

Question 6

incentive theory

Answer 6

examines how we learn to associate learned stimuli with rewards and punishment. We are motivated to seek the rewards.

Question 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 7

(from ascending order)

1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Belongingness and Love Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self Actualization

Question 8

self-actualization

Answer 8

need to fulfill our unique potential as a person

Question 9

What part of the brain is associated with the feeling of hunger?

Answer 9

the lateral hypothalamus, which is the hunger center when stimulated causes one to eat.

Question 10

What part of the brain tells us to stop eating?

Answer 10

the ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 11

set-point theory

Answer 11

describes how the hypothalamus might decide what impulse to send. The hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight, and if is below it will tell us to eat and vice versa.

Question 12

external food cues

Answer 12

attractiveness or availability of food

Question 13

internal food cues

Answer 13

response to hunger inside your body

Question 14

bulimia

Answer 14

binging on food and purging it by vomiting, excess exercise, or use of laxatives

Question 15

anorexia nervosa

Answer 15

starve themselves to below 85% of their normal bod weight and refuse to eat

Question 16

obesity

Answer 16

people who are severely overweight, and excess weight threatens health. They usually have unhealthy heating habits.

Question 17

What is the sexual response cycle and what are the stages?

Answer 17

It described the primary task of organisms (reproductions) and the motivation behind it.

1. initial excitement
2. plateau phase
3. orgasm
4. resolution phase

Question 18

initial excitement

Answer 18

genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase.

Question 19

plateau phase

Answer 19

respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids.

Question 20

orgasm

Answer 20

pleasurable euphoria where respiration and heart rate increase and men ejaculate

Question 21

resolution phase

Answer 21

respiration and heart rage return to normal

Question 22

achievement motivation theory

Answer 22

examines our desires to master complex tasks and knowledge to reach personal goals. Humans seem to be motivated to figure out the world and some constantly challenge themselves.

Question 23

extrinsic motivators

Answer 23

rewards we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves. This can include grades, salary, etc

Question 24

intrinsic motivators

Answer 24

rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction

Question 25

Theory X

Answer 25

managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment

Question 26

Theory Y

Answer 26

managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive

Question 27

approach-approach conflict

Answer 27

choosing between two desirable outcomes

Question 28

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 28

choosing between two unattractive outcomes

Question 29

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 29

when one event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features

Question 30

multiple approach-avoidance conflicts

Answer 30

choosing between two or more things that have both desirable and undesirable outcomes

Question 31

James-Lange theory

Answer 31

theorized we feel emotion because of biological change caused by stress

Question 32

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 32

biological change and cognitive awareness of emotional state occur simultaneously

Question 33

Schachter's Two-Factor Theory

Answer 33

explains emotional experiences in a more complete way. Both of our physical responses and cognitive labels combine to cause any particular emotional response.

Question 34

How do you measure stress?

Answer 34

the SRSS scale measures stress using LCUs (life-change units). A person taking this test would report changed in their life, such as selling their house or changing jobs. Each change would be counted as more LCU's and would either be considered negative or positive. A person who scored a high SRRS would have more stress.

Question 35

What is the GAS and what are the stages?

Answer 35

the general adaptation syndrome made by Hans Seyle to a stressful event. 1. alarm reaction 2. resistance 3. exhaustion

Question 36

alarm reaction

Answer 36

heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other away from other body functions to muscles needed to react. This is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 37

resistance

Answer 37

the body remains physiologically ready. Hormones are released to maintain this state of readiness. If the resistance stage lasts too long, the body can deplete its' resources

Question 38

exhaustion

Answer 38

parasympathetic nervous system helps us return to normal.