Motivation And Emotion

Question 1

Motivation (dynamics of behavior)

Answer 1

Initiates, sustains, directs, and terminates behavior

Question 2

A model of motivation

Answer 2

Need (internal deficiency)
Drive (hunger, thirst, success)
Responses (action, identifiable behavior)
Goal (target)

Question 3

Types of motives

Answer 3

Biological
Stimulus
Learned

Question 4

Biological motives

Answer 4

Based on biological needs that must be met for survival

Air, food, sex

Question 5

Stimulus motives

Answer 5

Express our needs for stimulation and information

Curiosity, playing an instrument

Question 6

Learned motives

Answer 6

Based on learned needs, drives, and goals

Money, power

Question 7

Biological motives (biomot) are essential because they maintain

Answer 7

Homeostasis

Question 8

Circadian rhythms

Answer 8

Biological clocks
Jet lag and shift work
Preadaptation

Question 9

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: Bottom to Top with percentages

Answer 9

Physiological needs 85%
Safety and security 70%
Love and belonging 50%
Esteem and self esteem 40%
Self actualization 10%

Question 10

Basic needs

Answer 10

Esteem and self esteem
Love and belonging
Safety and security
Physiological needs

Question 11

Growth needs

Answer 11

Self actualization as expressed through meta-needs:
Wholeness, perfection, completion, justice, richness, simplicity, aliveness, beauty, goodness, uniqueness, playfulness, truth, autonomy, meaningfulness

Question 12

Motivation coming from within, not external rewards

Answer 12

Intrinsic motivation

Question 13

Based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors

Answer 13

Extrinsic motivation

Question 14

Basic universal emotions (8)

Answer 14

Anticipation, joy, trust (acceptance), fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger

Question 15

Anticipation (less and more intense)

Answer 15

Interest

Vigilance

Question 16

Joy (less and more intense)

Answer 16

Serenity

Ecstasy

Question 17

Trust (less and more intense)

Answer 17

Acceptance

Admiration

Question 18

Fear (less and more intense)

Answer 18

Apprehension

Terror

Question 19

Surprise (less and more intense)

Answer 19

Distraction

Amazement

Question 20

Sadness (less and more intense)

Answer 20

Pensiveness

Grief

Question 21

Disgust (less and more intense)

Answer 21

Boredom

Loathing

Question 22

Anger (less and more intense)

Answer 22

Annoyance

Rage

Question 23

Activates part of brain involved in learning

Released by stomach lining

Answer 23

Ghrelin

Question 24

Feeding system

Answer 24

Lateral hypothalamus

Question 25

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 25

Satiety system

Question 26

External eating cues

Answer 26

If internal cues ONLY pushed us to eat, fewer people would overeat Visible food

Question 27

Active dislike for a particular food

Answer 27

Taste aversion

Question 28

Active self-starvation or sustained loss of appetite that seeks to have psychological origins

Answer 28

Anorexia nervosa (1% of adults)

Question 29

Excessive eating (bingeing) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives

Answer 29

Bulimia nervosa (3% of adults)

Question 30

Activation of the body and nervous system

Answer 30

Arousal

Question 31

The relationship between arousal and performance

Answer 31

Inverted U function

Question 32

If a task is simple, it is best for arousal to be high | If a task is complex, lower levels of arousal provide the best performance

Answer 32

Geeked-Dodson Law

Question 33

Acquired by growing up in a particular society or culture (status, money, power, belonging)

Answer 33

Social motives

Question 34

Desire to meet or exceed some internal standard of excellence

Answer 34

Need for achievement (nAch)

Question 35

Desire to have impact or control over others

Answer 35

Need for power

Question 36

Device that records changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response (GSR) Can't tell difference between lying, fear, anxiety, and excitement

Answer 36

Polygraph

Question 37

A series of multiple choice questions are asked; one answer is correct (gun type)

Answer 37

Guilty knowledge test

Question 38

Negative emotions (what hemisphere of the brain)

Answer 38

Right hemisphere

Question 39

Positive emotions (what hemisphere)

Answer 39

Left hemisphere

Question 40

Which hemisphere activation: Positive feelings, approach, energy enrichment, happiness, love, attachment, safety, calf, curiosity, explore, nourishment, slow heart rate, relaxation, restore

Answer 40

Left brain activation

Question 41

Which hemisphere activation: Negative feelings, withdrawal, energy expenditure, sadness, anger, loneliness, danger, excitement, caution, retreat, vigilance, rapid heart rate, anxiety, run

Answer 41

Right brain activation

Question 42

Study of communication through body movement, posture, gestures, and facial expressions

Answer 42

Kinesics

Question 43

Three theories of emotion

Answer 43

James-Lange theory Cannon-Bard Theory Schachter's cognitive theory

Question 44

Emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal Emotional stimulus -> behavior -> emotional feelings

Answer 44

James-Lange theory

Question 45

James-Lange Theory example

Answer 45

Swerving a car, touching a hot pan

Question 46

The thalamus (in brain) causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously

Answer 46

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 47

Cannon-Bard Theory example

Answer 47

Running from a bear

Question 48

Emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues

Answer 48

Schachter's cognitive theory

Question 49

Schachter's cognitive theory example

Answer 49

Stanzione scaring a student

Question 50

Mental process of assigning causes to events; attributing arousal to a certain source

Answer 50

Attribution