Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

Question 1

extrinsic motivation

Answer 1

external circumstances

Question 2

intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

internal drive and/or perception

Question 3

arousal theory

Answer 3

actions performed to keep arousal at optimal level

Question 4

arousal

Answer 4

state of being awake and reactive to stimuli

Question 5

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 5

performance is optimal at medium level of arousal

Question 6

drive reduction theory

Answer 6

motivation arises from desire to eliminate drives. drives create uncomfortable internal states

Question 7

secondary drives

Answer 7

stem from learning, include accomplishment and emotion

Question 8

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

Question 9

self-determination theory

Answer 9

three universal needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness

Question 10

incentive theory

Answer 10

motivation comes from desire for reward, not punishment

Question 11

expectancy-value theory

Answer 11

amount of motivation for a task is based on individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued

Question 12

opponent-process theory

Answer 12

as drug use increases, body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms

Question 13

three components of emotion

Answer 13

cognitive/subjective, behavioral/facial expressions and body language, physiological/changes in autonomic nervous system

Question 14

seven universal emotions

Answer 14

happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger

Question 15

theories of emotion

Answer 15

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schacter-Singer

Question 16

James-Lange theory

Answer 16

I must be angry because my heart rate is up

Question 17

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 17

tachycardic + seeing snake = running

Question 18

Schachter-Singer theory

Answer 18

I am excited because my heart rate is up AND EVERYONE AROUND ME LOOKS HAPPY

Question 19

limbic system

Answer 19

primary component of nervous system involved in emotion

Question 20

amygdala

Answer 20

attention and fear. interpretation of facial expressions. controls implicit memory system.

Question 21

thalamus

Answer 21

LS sensory processing station

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

LS releases NT that affect mood and arousal

Question 23

hippocampus

Answer 23

LS: long-term memories, primary controller of explicit memory system

Question 24

prefrontal cortex

Answer 24

LS planning, expressing personality, making decisions

Question 25

ventral prefrontal cortex

Answer 25

LS critical for experiencing emotion

Question 26

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 26

LS decision-making and control of emotional responses from the amygdala

Question 27

limbic system includes

Answer 27

HAT HPV; hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, ventral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

Question 28

physiological and cognitive responses to challenges or life changes

Answer 28

stress

Question 29

stages of stress

Answer 29

primary and secondary appraisal

Question 30

primary appraisal

Answer 30

classifying potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, stressful

Question 31

secondary appraisal

Answer 31

evaluating if the organism can cope with stress. based on harm, threat, challenge.

Question 32

stressors lead to

Answer 32

distress or eustress

Question 33

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 33

fight or flight. three stages: alarm, resistance, and if it goes too long, exhaustion

Question 34

cortisol pathway

Answer 34

hypothal releases CRF to anterior pit. anterior pit releases ACTH to adrenal cortex. adrenal cortex releases cortisol.

Question 35

cortisol negative feedback

Answer 35

anterior pit, reducing ACTH, and hypothal, reducing CRF