MOTOR CONTROL

Question 1

It is produced by a team of muscles
working together and are orchestrated by the cortex.

Answer 1

Movement

Question 2

➢ Area for voluntary muscle contraction
o Originate at the cortex
o Corticobulbar tract (head)
o Corticospinal tract (extremities)
➢ Area for involuntary muscle contraction
o Originate at the brainstem

Answer 2

Descending Tracts

Question 3

Stretching muscle cause a reflex contraction

Answer 3

Reflex Arc

Question 4

➢ Voluntary movment
➢ Implemented by the cortex

Answer 4

Dynamic Movement

Question 5

➢ Posture
➢ Realm of the brainstem
➢ Reticular formation, red nucleus, and vestibular
nuclei
➢ Reticulospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract,
rubrospinal trac

Answer 5

Static Movement

Question 6

It results in abnormal movement.

Answer 6

Abnormal Tone

Question 7

Normal movement occurs because of ____.

Answer 7

Normal tone

Question 8

Too little tone

Answer 8

Flaccidity

Question 9

Too much tone

Answer 9

Spasticity

Question 10

➢ Right amount of contraction for a given movement
➢ The result of a complex command of the cortex

Answer 10

Normal Tone

Question 11

1. ➢ Knows why and how movement can occur
   ➢ Overall in charge
2. Who is Adviser 1?
3. Who is Adviser 2?

Answer 11

1. Highest: Cortical Level
2. Basal Ganglia
3. Cerebellum

Question 12

1. ➢ Implementation of commands
   ➢ For maintenance and posture and respiration

Answer 12

1. Middle Level: Brainstem

Question 13

➢ Directly innervate the muscle
➢ Reflex arc
➢ Crude response
➢ Activate muscles directly
➢ Obeys brainstem or cortex
➢ Does not know reason for movement
➢ Precise muscle contraction needed for balance
➢ Reflex arc induced muscle contraction not precise / will interfere with equilibrium reactions

Answer 13

Lowest level: Spinal Level

Question 14

➢ Due to a reflex are gone berserk
➢ Disinhibition by the upper motor neurons
➢ Results in excessive muscle contraction
➢ Activated by noxious stimuli / quick stretch

Answer 14

Spasticity