Motor Control and Motor Learning Flashcards
(48 cards)
Motor Control
-ability to regulate or direct mechanisms essential to movement
-info processing, organizes musculoskeletal system to create coordinated, goal-directed movements
Strategies of motion control
feed-forward strategy
feed-back strategy
Therapeutic strategies improve quality and quantity of _______
postures and movements essential to function
Three constraints that contribute to organization of movement
-Task (T)
-Individual (I)
-Environment (E)
Individual constraints
-Perception
-Action
-Cognition
Action
-controlling of muscles and joints to execute coordinated functional movement
-multiple ways one movement can be carried out
Degrees of freedom problem
process of choosing between equivalent solutions to do a movement, then coordinating the muscles and joints involved in the movement
Perception
-sensory info becoming useful information in the CNS
-provides info about the body and environment, CRITICAL for movement regulation
-PNS mechanisms collect and high-level processing processes AFFERENT information
Cognition
-attention, planning, problem solving, motivation and emotion
-mental systems interacting
Dual task control
Being able to perform multiple actions simultaneously, or accomplish something with many demands placed on us
Ex. walking and having a conversation in a noisy hallway
Task constraints
-nature of task performed determines movement needed
-classification parameters used
Functional categories
-bed mobility
-transfer tasks
-walking + ADL’s
Neural control mechanisms
Discrete - definite beginning and end
Continuous - No recognizable beginning and end. End point is not required. Ex. Walking, running
Base of support classification
Stability = stable BOS, sitting/standing
Mobility = moving BOS, walking/running
Sequenced tasks are used when?
-when an object needs to be manipulated
-when there’s an increased demand for stability (ex. weightlifting)
Movement variability
Open movements - constant changing, unpredictable environment
Closed movements - fixed, predictable movements
Retraining functional movement depends on what?
-Understanding nature of tasks
-having a framework for functional evaluation
Environment constraints
Regulatory - movement conforms to features of the environment (ex. walking up a step to get in the house)
Non-regulatory - movement does not conform to specific feature. May or may not affect moving. (ex. background noise)
Systems Theory
-Body is a mechanical system with many degrees of freedom that need to be controlled
-Higher levels of nervous system (CNS) control lower levels (CNS takes care of basic skills so we can focus on higher level things. Breaks down in strokes!)
-Lower levels control synergies (groups of muscles) to act to together (walking and not activating 16 muscles independently)
What creates movement according to systems theory?
-Interplay between body system, external force, and variations in the initial condition
-More advanced tasks = more synergies involved
Degrees of freedom
-Basically having lots of different options or movements to accomplish something
-Differs from person to person
-refers to planes of movement!
Dynamic systems theory
-Similar to systems theory, but places less emphasis on CNS and more on secondary systems
-Focuses on control parameter system
Variability in motor control in Dynamic Systems theory
-variability is not because of error, but is needed for optimal function
-need flexible, adaptive strategies to adjust to environment
-have to have just the right amount of variability
-Attractor well
Attractor well
Figure showing how preferred or stable a movement pattern is
Deep well = very hard to change the pattern
Ex. If a px only learns to climb the stairs with the railing on the right, what will happen if they need to climb the stairs with the railing on the left?
