Motor Control of Balance (Part 2,Tests)

Question 1

Static Standing Balance
One Leg Stance Time

Answer 1

Look for postural sway
Standing on one leg, legs not touching with arms folded across chest
Eyes open
Eyes closed
Timed for 30 seconds

Question 2

Static Standing Balance
Romberg

Answer 2

Look for postural Sway
Standing with feet together and arms folded across chest
Eyes open
Eyes closed
Barefoot
Timed for 30 seconds

Question 3

Static Standing Balance
Semi-tandem Romberg

Answer 3

Look for postural Sway
One foot in front of the other, arms folded
Eyes open
Eyes closed
Barefoot
Timed for 30 seconds

Question 4

Functional Reach

Answer 4

FR is maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed BOS
Practice trial (s) then 3 test trials
reliable and valid
Measured from 3rd metacarpal

Question 5

Functional reach tests which system?

Answer 5

Anticipatory

Question 6

Age and gender in functional reach norms

Answer 6

men can reach more
reach decreases with age

Question 7

What can FR predict?

Answer 7

Fall risk in older adults; Risk increases with decreased forward reach

Question 8

Multidirectional reach test

Answer 8

Measures forward, backward, right & left reach
Observe for Ankle and/or Hip strategy, trunk rotation and scapular protraction/retraction

Question 9

Multidirectional reach test results:

Answer 9

Forward R is is longest
Backward R is shortest

Question 10

Berg Balance Scale

Answer 10

Core outcome measure
Uses 14 items rated 0-4
Excellent reliability and validity

Question 11

Pros and Cons of Berg Balance Scale

Answer 11

Tests anticipatory and steady state but not reactive
Does not tell you what system is being affected

Question 12

Berg Balance Scale Score

Answer 12

Score < 45=increased fall risk

Question 13

Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment

Answer 13

POMA
Nursing home fall risks
Total score =28
Gait=12 points
Balance =16 points
Score <19 high risk of falls
Score 19-24: moderate risk of falls

Question 14

Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) Scoring

Answer 14

Score <19 high risk of falls
Score 19-24: moderate risk of falls

Question 15

Timed Up and Go Test

Answer 15

TUG
Rise up from chair walk for 3 meters, turn around sit back down

Question 16

Timed Up and Go Test
Normal

Answer 16

10 sec or less

Question 17

ICF component tested with TUG

Answer 17

activity

Question 18

Timed Up and Go Test
11-20 seconds

Answer 18

Typical for frail elderly individuals w/ a mild disability
able to ambulate outside

Question 19

Timed Up and Go Test
>30 seconds

Answer 19

Impaired mobility and high fall risk
few could ambulate and use stairs

Question 20

TUG Manual

Answer 20

TUG while carrying a glass of water
>4.5 second difference between tests is a marker associated w/ increased fall risk

Question 21

TUG Cognitive

Answer 21

TUG while counting backward from 100 by 3s
can predict fall risk in older adults

Question 22

Star Excursion balance test

Answer 22

LE reach test
stand on one leg, and reach 8 directions with other leg

Question 23

Star Excursion balance test is reliable and valid in:

Answer 23

reliable and valid in identifying CAI, ACL deficiency, patellofemoral pain
Predicts LE injury

Question 24

Y Balance Test

Answer 24

LE reach test in 3 directions

Question 25

Function in sitting test (FIST)

Answer 25

Often in acute rehab in pt who cannot walk scored 0-4, total 56 includes nudge, static and dynamic sitting, reaching & scooting

Question 26

Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale

Answer 26

Core outcome measure Subjective test 16-item self report that asks individuals to rate their overall level of self confidence in performing both household and community activities

Question 27

ICF model tested with Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale?

Answer 27

Participation

Question 28

10 Meter Walk Test

Answer 28

3 trials measuring average walking speed fast/preferred walking speed assistive device permitted

Question 29

6 minute walk test

Answer 29

Core outcome measure distance walked in 6 min Assess aerobic capacity and endurance

Question 30

5 x sit to stand

Answer 30

Core outcome measure Measures LE strength & functional changes in transitional movement

Question 31

5 x sit to stand time that predicts risk of developing disablity

Answer 31

10 sec or greater

Question 32

Dynamic Gait Index

Answer 32

Tests ability to maintain walking balance while responding to different task demands, through various dynamic conditions total score=24

Question 33

Functional Gait Assessment

Answer 33

Core Outcome Measure 10 items rated 0-3 max =30 can identify vestibular problems

Question 34

Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) Test

Answer 34

Often used for concussion or mild TBI Tested on firm/foam surface in single/double/tandem stance for 20 sec each hands must stay on hip and eyes closed

Question 35

sensory organization test

Answer 35

visual and somatosensory information are modified to evaluate the pt's ability to make use of sensory inputs and postural control

Question 36

Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance

Answer 36

Foam and Dome test standing on firm/foam surface eyes open/closed/dome

Question 37

Modified CTSIB:

Answer 37

CTSIB with no dome conditions

Question 38

What can lead to termination of Modified CTSIB?

Answer 38

* Can't keep balance with EC * Opens eyes during EC conditions * Moves foot/takes step * Moves arms from original position

Question 39

Balance evaluation systems test

Answer 39

35-40 min comprehensive test that can test many different factors that also include other tests

Question 40

Mini Best test

Answer 40

consists of 14 items preferred over BEST includes anticipatory postural adjustments reactive postural control sensory orientation dynamic gait

Question 41

Balance Master

Answer 41

Biofeedback device with immediate feedback that is easy to use; measures and focuses on specific skills to improve balance