Motor learning Flashcards
1
Q
Characteristics that impact learning a motor skill
A
- Person
- Task
- Environment
2
Q
explicit- declarative knowledge
A
- what to do
- can verbally describe the task
3
Q
implicit- procedural knowledge
A
- how to do it
- physically perform the task
4
Q
what are the stages of learning?
A
1 initial
2. later stages
5
Q
Initial stage of learning
A
- seeking to be successful in attaining a performance goal of the skill. - success is inconsistent from trial to trial
- movement characteristics tomatch regulatory conditions
- basic coordination patterns
6
Q
Later stages of learning
A
- adapt movement patterns learned in intial stage to meet situational demands
- consistence of performance
- efficiency
7
Q
Demonstration instruction
A
- effective when the motor task has many components that must be coordinated or sequenced in a way that is novel to the child.
- observer will commonly follow with a reasonable approximation of skill (mirror neurons”
- novice learners may benefit from observing other novice learners as well
8
Q
verbal instructions
A
- limited to an amount the child can remember
- internal vs. external focus
- learning is typically better with external
- viausal metaphoric image
9
Q
What is the purpose of providing feedback
A
- facilitate achievement of performance goal. Allows learner to determine what they are doing well and what must be modified
- motivation. encouraging child to cont working toward performance goal
10
Q
Focusing on mistakes vs focusing on correct performance
A
- both are valuable
- Providing input on errors during early stages is more effective in facilitating skill learning.
- focusing on correct components motivates the child
11
Q
Massed and distributed Practice
A
- Massed has longer active practice with shorter rest periods compared to distributed
- length and distribution of practice sessions. shorter and more practice sessions typically preferred
- -length of rest interval between trials. massed better for discrtete skills: reaching, grasping, positioning (ROM). distributed better for continuous skills: locomotion, cycling, swimming. may result in fatigue with massed
12
Q
whole and Part practice
A
- depends on complexity and organization of skill
- -complexity- number of parts and an amt of attention demanded–
- -With high complexity and organization the skills should be practiced in parts before being practiced as a whole
13
Q
Mental Practice
A
- cognitive or mental rehearsal of skill to be performed
- visual or kinesthetic imagery
- most effective as preparation just before physical practice of skill/activity
-studies show it may reduce nedd for physical practice by 25-50%
14
Q
to be most efficient, the training must:
A
- be challenging
- Progressively increase behavioral demands
- involve active participation
- be meaningful to the child
