Motor Systems Flashcards by Sanjiv Mehta

Q

3 Major types of movements

A

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Q

Feedforward anticipatory response consists of

A

Coactivation of bicepsand tricepts before movement even began

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Q

Feedback or compensatory change consists of

A

Stretch reflex that keeps both extensor and flexor activate to maintain position

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Q

What are the 3 levels of hierarchy in the motor system

A

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Q

All 3 motor system levels are under influence by what two structures

A

2 subcortical systems the basal ganglia and the cerebellum

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Q

What is the lateral medial organization of the

A

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Q

Function of propriospinal interneurons.

Which are long and which are short

A

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Q

Motor second level medial descending pathways consist of

A

VEstibulospinal, reticulospinal, tectospinal

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Q

Medial descending pathways critical for?

Bilateral or ipsilateral innervation?

A

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Q

Motor Level 2 (brainstem) - Function of lateral descending pathway?

Which Tract?

A

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Q

Cortex Ventral coticospinal tract

originates?

What does it mainly control?

terminate bilaterally or ipsillateraly

A

Area 6 and some 4,terminate bilaterally, Mostly Trunk

UNCROSSED

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Q

Cortex Lateral corticospinal tract

originates?

terminates

A

Originates in 4,6 and somatosensory 1,2,3. CROSSES, contralateral innervation. Ends on spinal grey matter and the medial portion of dorsal horn.Als collaterals to dorsal column nuclei

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Q

General organization of somatosensory and motor cortex topographic map

A

Limbs and trunk (Feet - hands)

Face to tongue

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Q

What are the cortical inputs to the primary motor cortex

A

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Q

What are the primary inputs of the premotor areas

A

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Q

The Motor cortex receives indirect stimulation from?

A

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Q

Population Encoding?

A

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Q

How does plasticity occur in motor maps

A

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Q

Activity in individual neurons of primary motor cortex is related to

A

muscle force not movement amplitude

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Q

Compex movements are initiated

A

internally by SMA

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Q

Movement by external sensory stimuli involve

A

lateral Premotor areas

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Q

Neuronal activity represents

M1

SMA

LatPreM

A

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Q

Just thinking and plannig a movement involves the

Study These Flashcards

A

Q

How do lateral premotor neurons fire in response to spatial cues

Study These Flashcards

A

They respond by firing before the action and through action, signal relative to spatial location

What are mirror neurons

Role of Feedforward vs Feedback

3 Tracts involved in feedforward

3 information sources for feedback

Normal Postural response requires?

3 Tracts of the Medial Motor System

2 Phases of the step movement

During walking opposite limb step phases overlap during what phase?

Basic organization of neural control of locomotoin - what generates the rhythm of walking

Common feature of most CPG organization is?

What is meant by half-center circuit in locomotion

THe flexor and extensor modules have reciprocal innervation and therefore function alternatively

Location of CPG in brainstem and one possible candidate neuron

Key areas in descending control of spinal locomotor CPG

cortex - Mesencephalic locomotor region - medullary reticular formation - Reticulospinal tract - CPG

What change in signal regulates locomotor speed and pattern

How is visual information routed to incorporate in locomotion (stepping)

Why does postural support help recovery after spinal cord injury

3 Factors in Cerebellum Lesion - 2 things that occur and 1 thing that will not occur

3 Lobes of the Cerebellum 3 Functional divisions

Anterior, posterior, floculonodular vermis, lateral, intermediate

2 Input systems of the Cerebellum

Climbing fibers and moss fiber-parallel

Climbing Fibers orgin and terminate How many climbing fibers per purkinje

inferior olive - dendrites of purkinje cells each purkinje gets 1 climbinig fiber but one climbing fiber contacts many purkinje

Mossy Fiber origin - terminate

many sensory modalities - terminate on granule cells

Parallel fibers orginate from - what do they contact

are the axons of granule cells contact purkinje cells

Vestibulocerebellum - axons to? - function

to vestibular nuclei balance and eye movement

cerebrocerebellum (lateral hemispheres) output to - function

to dentate nucleus - motor and premotor cortices motor planning

Intermediate Hemisphere output to function

Interpose nuclei - lateral descending systems motor execution

Vermis output to function

fastigial nuclei - medial descending system Motor execution

How many somatosensory maps in cerebellum HOw is it distributed in spinocerebellum

3 mecahno and proprioceptive somatosensory maps limbs intermediate axial is vermis

Axial and Limb modification pathways from spinocerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum path to impact before movement

anticipatory control of limb movement What happens if you take out the cerebellum

overshooting and oscillation without the cerebellum

How is cerebellum incorporated in more cognitive demants (grabbing an item vs identifying and grabbing it)

Cerebellar involvement in motion learning

3 Main categories of cerebellar symptoms