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YEAR 4 SEMESTER 2 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING > MRI and CT > Flashcards

MRI and CT Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the arrows pointing at?
A

1.

Quadriceps/patella tendon/patellla lig

Infrapatellar fat pad

PCL

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2
Q
  1. What are the arrows pointing at?
  2. What level is this at?
  3. What is A?
A
  1. Osteophytes from lig flavum
  2. L5, S1 (disc because no homogenous white in VB)
  3. Lig flavum
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3
Q
  1. What is the approximate level
  2. Describe the main radiological feature
  3. Give 2 possible diagnosis
A
  1. C2 (dens, no clean shape to trachea/pharynx)
  2. Missing part of the pars
  3. GCT, ABC, osteoblastoma
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4
Q
  1. Which lines of alignment would be more appropriate on the following films?
A

1.

COG

ALL, PLL, SLL

ADI

Ruth jackson

Cx curve angle

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5
Q
  1. Describe what is the arrow pointing at?
  2. What condition is this commonly associated with?
  3. List 4 other common radiographic findings of AS
  4. What is the common type of patient with this condition?
A
  1. Rosary bead formation of iliac side of SIJ
  2. AS
  3. Dagger sign, trolley tracks, shiny corner sign
  4. Young males, 15-25yoa
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6
Q
  1. What structure is the crossed arrow pointing at?
  2. What can this structure create the formation of?
  3. List some common symptoms of spinal cord compression
A
  1. Lig flavum
  2. Osteophytes
  3. Mimics claudication, tiredness, fatigue, numbness and tingling, muscle weakness and hypertonia, increased reflexes, fasciculations
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7
Q

What are the 3 tissues commonly responsible for causing spinal pain?

What nerve roots do the blue boxes correlate with?

A

1:

Disc - posterior annulus or nucleus

PLL, lig flavum (can cause osteophytes)

Facets

2: L5 disc space you see L5 nerve root exiting and S1 is about to leave. So blue boxes = S1

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8
Q
  1. What is the view and the type of study?
  2. Label A and B
  3. What is occurring at C
  4. What might cause this?
A
  1. MRI Fat sat coronal

2.

A - Supraspinatus

B - Trapezius or deltoid (most likely trapezius)

  1. Inflammation, bleeding

4.

  • Labral tear (bankart lesion)
  • Hillsacs lesion
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9
Q
  1. Describe the prominent radiographical findings?
  2. What is the diagnosis
  3. What are A B and C
A
  1. Non union (?) of the neural arch
  2. Spina bifida occulta

3.

A = Semispinalis, spinalis

B = Psoas

C = QL

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10
Q

Provide at least 6 muscles that may be effected from irritation of the S1 nerve root

A
  • gluteus maximus muscle
  • gluteus medius muscle
  • gluteus minimus muscle
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus muscle
  • inferior gemellus
  • superior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • gastrocnemius
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • quadratus plantae
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11
Q

What is a MIPS study?

What bony finding can we see in this image

A

Maximum intensity projection study

Shows viscera and great vessels

  • We can see an L1#
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12
Q
  1. Describe the prominent radiological findings
  2. What would be the diagnosis
  3. How common is this finding?
A
  1. Osteopaenia, discrete areas of sclerosis in the ilium bilat
  2. Mets
  3. ..??
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13
Q
  1. What is this view?
  2. Looking at the femoral heads; what is the major finding?
  3. What might result in this finding
A
  1. An MRI T1 weighted coronal
  2. Hypointensity in the right femoralhead
  3. Avascular necrosis, infection, tumour
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14
Q
  1. What is this type of image (full description)
  2. Describe 4 radiographic findings
A
  1. MRI T2 sagital of the Lx region

2.

  1. Anterolithesis of sacral base
  2. Disc bulges at L4/5, T12/L1 and L1/L2
  3. Blood vessels (posterior VB)
  4. Schmorls nodes
  5. Decreased joint space
  6. Hyperintense local region in sacal base
  7. Anterior osteophytic projections L1,2,3
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15
Q

Image C is a type 1 MRI and image D is a type 2. Given this info, give an diagnosis for the pictures to the right and explain your answer

A

Osteomyelitis - water predominant content within the VB’s

Avascular necrosis - high water content

Mets

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16
Q

What is the type of study?

  1. Provide the correct description of the radiographic findings
  2. Limitation?
  3. Sensory changes - dermatomal
A

CT Bone window axial with contrast (myelogram)

  1. Left paracentral posterolateral disc herniation impingement/displacement of the S1 nerve root
  2. Myograms only show inside the spinal canal
  3. Potential S1 (achilles) reflex changes, posterior leg and lateral foot dermatome, myotome is peroneus longus and brevis
17
Q
  1. What are the 2 arrows pointing at?
  2. Provide 2 radiographic findings
A
  1. Gastrocs and hamstrings tendon - semimem, semiten or biceps femoris

2.

Variscosities

Anterior and posterior meniscal horn tears

18
Q
  1. Given this is the L4/5 disc space, what nerve will be affected
  2. What are the major muscular innervations of this nerve?
A
  1. The exiting nerve root the L5 nerve root

2.

  • gluteus maximus muscle mainly S1
  • gluteus medius muscle
  • gluteus minimus muscle
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • tibialis anterior
  • tibialis posterior
  • extensor digitorum brevis
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • hamstrings
19
Q
  1. List the two types of images seen
  2. What is a scout film
A
  1. Axial CT ST (top) and bone window (bottom)

2.

20
Q
  1. Describe any radiographic findings
  2. What level is this?
A
  1. Left transverse foramen stenosis

Osteophytes as a result of PLL

  1. C3-C6 - the trachea is nice and round
21
Q
  1. What are the major findings for each of the letters
  2. Which reflex might be affected in this patient
A

1.

A - Right common iliac artery

B - Psoas major

C - L4 nerve root (exiting)

D - Subcutaneous tissue

E - Inferior vena cava

F - Facet joint

2.

Patella reflex

22
Q
  1. What is the CT showing?
  2. DDx
A
  1. an aggressive geographic lesion

2.

Mets/primary neoplasm

Infection (Supp OM)

Bone Cyst

23
Q
A
24
Q
  1. What would the following be termed?
  2. Is it clinically significant
A
  1. Costochondral calcification
  2. No, most people would have a little bit of it, esp above 40
25
Q
  1. What are the arrows signifying
  2. What condition is this commonly associated with?
  3. List 5 other radiographic findings associated with this condition
A
  1. Vacuum phenomenon
  2. Degeneration (or infection is inside bony structure)
  3. Loss of joint space, osteophytes, subchondral cyst, subchondral sclerosis, joint deformity
26
Q
  1. What is this type of film?
  2. What are the arrowheads signifying?
  3. What is the relevant diagnosis
A
  1. Axial MRI fat sat
  2. Areas of inflammation/water
  3. AS, Mets, infection
27
Q
  1. What is the arrow pointing at?
  2. Describe any other abnormalities seen
  3. Give a diagnosis
A
  1. A schmorls node
  2. Hyperintensity in the T6 vertebral body
  3. Haemangioma
28
Q
  1. What is the following termed?
  2. What is the most common diagnosis
A
  1. Missing pedicle/ winking vertebra
  2. Mets most commonly but can also be congenital

YEAR 4 SEMESTER 2 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING (17 decks)

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