MS Flashcards
(19 cards)
Natalizumab
Monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrin in leukocytes
Fingolimod
Downregulates S1P (sphingosine) receptor. Stops immune reaction by preventing CD* cells moving to the disease area
MS symptoms
Pyramidal(weakness/movement) Brainstem(speech/swallowing) Bowel/bladder dysfunction Sensory loss/ tingling Sexual dysfunction Cogntion loss Cerrebellar - ataxia Visual loss
Two main types
Relapsing remitting
Primary progressive
Stages of MS
Presymptomatic disease
Some clinically isolated syndrome cases
RR or PP
Secondary progressive
Requirements to change from clinically isolated to MS
2 or more attacks or lesions or dessemination in MRI
When is the time for treatment
After the first attack, when inflammation is high and axonal loss is not too high
What can be identified from a T1 MRI lesions
Shows loss of tissue and chronic damage to brian
What cen been seen from T2 lesions
Active lesions which could lead to tissue destruction
What can the Gadolinium enhanced lesion show
In T1, can show active region and breakdown of BBB
What changes in the brain stucture can be seen with MS
Loss of ventricle space
White matter demyelination then deep grey matter demyelination
How many people in EU and North America have it
2.5 million
Age of onset for RRMS
30
Age of onset for PPMS
40
Life expectancy change
Shorter by 8-12 years
M:F ratio for RR
1:2
M:F of PP
1:1
Risk factors
Smoking EBV infection Vitamin D levels CMV infection Night work
Pathophysiological hallmarks
Inflammatory lesions that result in neuronal demyelination and axonal damage
