MS Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

Natalizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrin in leukocytes

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2
Q

Fingolimod

A

Downregulates S1P (sphingosine) receptor. Stops immune reaction by preventing CD* cells moving to the disease area

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3
Q

MS symptoms

A
Pyramidal(weakness/movement)
Brainstem(speech/swallowing)
Bowel/bladder dysfunction
Sensory loss/ tingling
Sexual dysfunction
Cogntion loss
Cerrebellar - ataxia
Visual loss
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4
Q

Two main types

A

Relapsing remitting

Primary progressive

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5
Q

Stages of MS

A

Presymptomatic disease
Some clinically isolated syndrome cases
RR or PP
Secondary progressive

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6
Q

Requirements to change from clinically isolated to MS

A

2 or more attacks or lesions or dessemination in MRI

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7
Q

When is the time for treatment

A

After the first attack, when inflammation is high and axonal loss is not too high

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8
Q

What can be identified from a T1 MRI lesions

A

Shows loss of tissue and chronic damage to brian

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9
Q

What cen been seen from T2 lesions

A

Active lesions which could lead to tissue destruction

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10
Q

What can the Gadolinium enhanced lesion show

A

In T1, can show active region and breakdown of BBB

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11
Q

What changes in the brain stucture can be seen with MS

A

Loss of ventricle space

White matter demyelination then deep grey matter demyelination

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12
Q

How many people in EU and North America have it

A

2.5 million

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13
Q

Age of onset for RRMS

A

30

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14
Q

Age of onset for PPMS

A

40

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15
Q

Life expectancy change

A

Shorter by 8-12 years

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16
Q

M:F ratio for RR

17
Q

M:F of PP

18
Q

Risk factors

A
Smoking
EBV infection
Vitamin D levels
CMV infection
Night work
19
Q

Pathophysiological hallmarks

A

Inflammatory lesions that result in neuronal demyelination and axonal damage