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Moving > MS Infecitons - Borrelia > Flashcards

MS Infecitons - Borrelia Flashcards

1
Q

what disease does borrelia cause

A

Lyme

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2
Q

Features of borrelia

A

G - rod, spiral/curved, spirochetes, difficult to stain, difficult to grow or culture

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3
Q

Infectious route of borrelia

A

Borrelia burgdoferi, dogs & horses (cattle, humans, sheep & cats) causes Lyme disease

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4
Q

Origin of Borrelia Burgdorferi

A

Adapted from Ixodes ticks, reservoir is small rodents (white footed mice, voles, chipmunks)

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5
Q

Virulence factors of borrelia burgdoferi

A

Motility, resistance to innate inflammatory response, LPS analog - elicits inflammatory response - has no endotoxins. Outer surface proteins - shifting OSP can change impacting the immune recognition

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6
Q

How borrelia burgdoferi causes disease

A

Initial bite introduces bacteria to blood stream, spreads to multiple organs, immune response kicks in, ~95% of dogs will clear. 5% will have disease manifestations & weak endotoxin like activity

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7
Q

Borrelia burgdoferi LPS analog acts on

A

Monocytes, synoviocytes, keratinocytes and release IL-1 (cytotoxin)

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8
Q

IL-1 can target what organ or cells to respond

A

Hypothalamus - fever
Synoviocytes - collagenase + protease = joint destruction
Chondrocytes - prostaglandins -> bone resorption = joint damage
B & T lymphocytes - proliferation & aggregation, increase Ab synthesis = joint damage

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9
Q

Potential target organs of Lyme disease

A

Joints
Kidneys (dogs)
Lymph nodes
Muscle
Meninges (horses)

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10
Q

Specific diseases of Borrelia burgdorfergi in dogs

A

Lyme arthritis - fever, anorexia, lethargy, shifting leg lameness, lymphadenopathy - lameness in episodes
Lyme nephritis - rare & most aggressive. Immune- mediated destruction of kidneys

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11
Q

Specific diseases of borrelia burgdorferi in horses

A

Cases are often sub clinical
Low grade, sporadic fever, shifting lameness, myositis (immune response in muscles) depression, encephalitis, uveitis (secondary to inflammation caused by borrelia)

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12
Q

Specific diseases borrelia burgdorferi cause in humans

A

Rash around bite zone, fever, fatigue, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, peripheral nervous system
Or asymptomatic

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13
Q

Best method for diagnosing

A

Not really any
Best bet is serology - antibody detection
Changes in OSP can impact the tests by altering the immune mediated response / building the antibodies

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14
Q

Treating borrelia burgdorferi

A

Doxycycline or minocycline is preferred
Beta lactams or macrolides
Recheck in 30 days then 3-6m

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15
Q

How to control borrelia burgdorferi

A

Tick control! As they’re the vectors
Vaccinations against Lyme disease

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16
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of cortical bone, medullary cavity & periosteum
Can involved appendicular Skelton & Axial skeleton

17
Q

Diskospondylitis

A

Concurrent infection of intervertebral disks & adjacent bony end plates
Common in dogs & cats
Infection usually from cystitis -> hematogenous

18
Q

Routes of infection for osteomyelitis - hematogenous

A

Rare route of infection, occurs primarily in neonates & involves metaphyses - vascular part of bone where infection can spread
Can spread via bone to epiphyses, periosteum & joints

19
Q

Routes of infection for osteomyelitis - post traumatic injury

A

Requires predisposing factors as bone is highly resistant to infection
Ischemia/necrosis/sequestrum formation
Bacterial contamination
Fracture instability
Foreign body implantation
Systemic/local change in immune response

20
Q

Importance of biofilms in osteomyelitis

A

Matrix of bacteria called glycocalyx - community of slim/film
Protects bacteria from antibodies, phagocytes & antibacterial
Staph is predominant but can hide/mix with other films
Bacteria can co-exist & replicate = mixed infection
Implantation of foreign material can increase risk

21
Q

Specific osteomyelitis in pigs

A

Strophic rhinitis
Combo of bordetella brochiseptica & pasturella multocida

22
Q

Specific osteomyelitis in cows

A

Lumpy jaw, caused by actinmyces bovis

23
Q

Diagnosing osteomyelitis

A

Physical exam
Lab finding - leukocytosis, increase Ca, P & ALP
Radiograph - not sensitive enough to be definitive
Cytology evaluation of exudates
Culture bone or bone marrow - aerobic & anaerobic

24
Q

Treating osteomyelitis

A

Antibiotics - susceptibility testing, location of infection could make it difficult to reach
Antimicrobials will have little to no effect on chronic osteomyelitis- debridement, draining etc

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