Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Moving > Neurophys 3-4 > Flashcards

Neurophys 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Ionotropic receptors

A

Produce electrical signal
- binding of transmitter directly opens or closes ion channels
- made of protein subunits forming a pore
- faster, short lived effect
- locally effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metabotropic receptors

A

Produces chemical signal
Binding can cause secondary mechanical action
Proteins w 7 transmembrane regions
Can indirectly opening or close ion channels
Slower, longer lasting effect
Can have modular effects through cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

G proteins

A

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins
Bind & hydrolyze GTP
- GTP= active
- GDP = inactive
Translate extra cell signal to intracell effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetylcholine - neurotransmission

A

PNS (NMJ)
ANS
Interneurons in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of acetylcholine receptors

A

Nicotinic
- ionotropic
- excitatory (Na & Ca)
Muscarinic
- metabotropic
- excitatory or inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glutmate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS
Excitatory postsynaptic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ionotropic receptors of glutmate

A

AMPA - Na & K
NMDA - Na, K, Ca
Kainate- Na & K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metabotropic receptors of glutmate

A

At least 8
Excitatory or inhibitory
Causes CNS excitement, could be toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GABA

A

Gamma aminobutyric acid
Major inhibitory transmitter in CNS
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Allows chloride in (more neg) hyperpolarization = less likely to fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classes of GABA receptors

A

GABAa - ionotropic , Cl channel
GABAb - metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Catecholamines

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
- released from adrenal medulla
- CNS & sympathetic NS
Dopamine - CNS only
ONLY Metabotropic receptor
Epi and nor - adrenergic (alpha & beta w subtypes)
Dopaminergic receptors D1-D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Serotonin

A

5HT
Regulation of behavior
Metabotropic & ionotropic receptors
Mainly CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endogenous opioids

A

Made in cell body - produced mainly in pituitary
Endorphins, enkephalins
Neuro peptides
Block pain - act of CNS & PNS
Modulates transmitter release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metabotropic opioid receptors

A

Mu (1, 2, 3)
Delta, norciceptin, zeta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurotransmitter synthesis 1

A

Neuro peptide neurotransmitter
- synthesized in cell body & transported to axon terminal
Most neurotransmitters
Synthesized locally in the axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acetylcholine synthesis

A

Choline
- essential nutrient
- synthesized by liver
Acetyl coenzyme A
- Formed through oxidation of pyruvate (glycolysis)
Choline acetyltransferase
- enzyme that catalyzes formation of ACh

17
Q

Glutamate synthesis

A

AA acquired through diet
Synthesized from glutamine
Synthesized from alpha ketoglutarate (TCA)

18
Q

Catecholamine synthesis

A

Synthesized from phenylalanine
- all connected through enzymatic function

19
Q

Serotonin synthesis

A

Synthesized from tryptophan

20
Q

Endogenous opioid synthesis

A

Gene for neuropeptide is transcribed from mRNA
Moves out of nucleus to ribosome
mRNA determines sequence of AA by interacting with tRNA
Protein is formed

21
Q

Step 2- transmitter packaging for Neuropeptides

A

(endogenous opioids)
Peptide is packaged in vesicle & transported down axon

22
Q

Neurotransmitter packaging for most neurotrans

A

Synaptic vesicle is form in Golgi apparatus
Made of membrane phospholipids & proteins
Transported down the axon

23
Q

Neurotransmitter packaging

A

Transmitters are packaged into vesicles by specific transporters
- Mem bound proteins (moves into vesicle)
- vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) endogenous opioids prepackaged w/ vesicle & transporter before going down axon)
Process requires calcium

24
Q

Step 3 neurotransmitter release pt 1

A

Mediated by VG Ca channels
Vesicle move to synapse
Vesicle membrane fuses w plasma membrane
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft

25
Q

Step 4 neurotransmitter release

A

Effects depends on type of transmitter
Could be more than one receptor type at each synapse
Can bind to presynaptic receptor “autoreceptor”
Usually terminate release of transmitter - neg feedback loop
Ionotropic or metabotropic

26
Q

Step 5 neurotransmitter degraded

A

Synaptic vesicle membrane that fused w cell membrane can phagocytose & recycle transmitter
Specific enzyme degrade each
- acetylcholinesterase degrades ACh
Some also diffuses away from synapse

27
Q

Astrocyte role

A

Can recycle glutamate & GABA in CNS

28
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Degrades acetylcholine in synaptic cleft
Choline is taken up by cell & recycled

29
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Nerve agents
Insecticides
Drugs to treat Alzheimer’s
Active ingredient in marijuana

30
Q

Monoamine - catecholamines + serotonin

A

Can treat depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD
Anxiety in pets
- fluoxetine
- sertraline
- paroxetine

31
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

From puffer fish (snails, octopuses, toads, newts)
Produced symbiotic bacteria
Binds & blocks VG Na channels
Prevents AP generation / propagation

Moving (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions