MS1 Musculature of the Back- Intrinsic

Question 1

What do the intrinsic back muscles act on

Answer 1

the vertebral column and skull

Question 2

What are intrinsic back muscles innervated by

Answer 2

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 3

What covers the deep muscles of the back

Answer 3

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 4

What superficial back muscle will attach to thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 4

latissimus dorsi

Question 5

What muscles are covered by thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 5

intrinsic back muscles

Question 6

What are the attachments of the thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 6

Superior: continuous with deep fascia of the neck

Inferior: lower border of Rib 12 and iliac crest

Medial: spinous and transverse processes

Lateral: angles of ribs and lateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 7

What are the three layers of thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 7

anterior
middle
posterior

Question 8

Where do the three layers of thoracolumbar fascia terminate

Answer 8

terminate at attachment of transversus abdominus muscle

Question 9

Describe the location of the posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 9

most superficial

Question 10

What is the function of the posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 10

covers deep muscles of the back

Question 11

What is the function of the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 11

separates deep back muscles from posterior abdominal wall

Question 12

What is the function of the anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 12

separates abdominal cavity from posterior abdominal wall

Question 13

How many layers are there of deep muscles

Answer 13

3

Question 14

What muscles are included in the most superficial deep muscle layer

Answer 14

Spinotransversales

Question 15

What is the proximal origin of the splenius capitis

Answer 15

nuchal ligament

spinous processes of C7-T4

Question 16

What is the distal insertion of the splecius capitis

Answer 16

mastoid process

superior nuchal line

Question 17

What is the proximal origin of the splenius cervicis

Answer 17

Spinous processes T3-T6

Question 18

What is the distal insertion of the splenius cervicis

Answer 18

transverse processes of C1-C3

Question 19

What muscles are included in the spinotransversales muscles

Answer 19

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervicis

Question 20

What is the unilateral action of the Spinotransversales

Answer 20

rotate to ipsilateral side, lateral flexion

Question 21

What is the bilateral action of the spinotransversales msucles

Answer 21

extension of the head and neck

Question 22

What is the blood supply to the Spinotransversales muscles

Answer 22

Occipital and segmental arteries (come out at every level and supply body wall)

Question 23

What muscles are included in the erector spinae muscles

Answer 23

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 24

What is the proximal origin of iliocostalis

Answer 24

ileum and sacrum

lumbar

Question 25

Where is the distal insertion of iliocostalis

Answer 25

ribs

Question 26

Where is the proximal origin of longissimus

Answer 26

ileum, sacrum, lumbar

Question 27

Where is the distal insertion of longissimus

Answer 27

mastoid process and transverse process

Question 28

What is the proximal origin of spinalis

Answer 28

ileum, sacrum, lumbar

Question 29

What is the distal insertion of spinalis

Answer 29

spinous processes

Question 30

What is the unilateral action of erector spinae

Answer 30

lateral flexion of the spine

Question 31

What is the bilateral action of erector spinae

Answer 31

erect the spine

Question 32

What muscle is the main extensor of the vertebral column

Answer 32

erector spinae muscle group

Question 33

What muscle for transversospinales

Answer 33

Semispinalis Multifidas Rotatores

Question 34

Where are the general origins and insertions of the transversospinales

Answer 34

transverse process to the spinous process

Question 35

Where is semispinalis found

Answer 35

most prominent in thoracic region

Question 36

How many vertebrae does semispinalis span

Answer 36

4-6 vertebral span

Question 37

Where is multifidus found

Answer 37

most prominent in lumbar region

Question 38

How many vertebrae does multifidus span

Answer 38

2-4 vertebrae

Question 39

Where is rotatores located

Answer 39

entire spinal column

Question 40

How many vertebrae does rotatores span

Answer 40

1-2

Question 41

What is the unilateral action of transversospinales

Answer 41

rotation to the opposite side

Question 42

What is the bilateral action of transversospinales

Answer 42

erection and support

Question 43

What is the origin of semispinalis capitis

Answer 43

transverse processes of C7-T6

Question 44

What is the insertion of semispinalis capitis

Answer 44

occipital bone

Question 45

What are the intersegmental muscles

Answer 45

Intertransversarii and Interspinales (true segmental) Levatores costarum

Question 46

What is the action of intertransversarii and interspinales muscles

Answer 46

support

Question 47

What is the action of levatores costarum

Answer 47

elevates ribs (transverse process to ribs at thoracic region)

Question 48

What type of muscle is the levatores costarum

Answer 48

an accessory respiratory muscles

Question 49

Where is the suboccipital region found

Answer 49

associated with posterior aspects of C1 and C2 deep to semispinalis capitis

Question 50

What is the proximal origin of rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 50

inferior nuchal line

Question 51

Where is the distal insertion of rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 51

tubercle C1

Question 52

What is the proximal origin of rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 52

inferior nuchal line

Question 53

Where is the distal insertion of rectus capitis

Answer 53

spinous process C2

Question 54

What is the proximal origin for obliquus capitis superior

Answer 54

between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Question 55

Where is the distal insertion of obliquus capitis superior

Answer 55

transverse process of C1

Question 56

What is the proximal origin of obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 56

transverse process C1

Question 57

What is the distal insertion of obliquus capitis inferior

Answer 57

spinous process of C2

Question 58

What is the function of the suboccipital muscles

Answer 58

support of the head extension of the head on the neck lateral flexion

Question 59

What is the innervation of the suboccipital muscles

Answer 59

suboccipital nerve (C1 posterior ramus)

Question 60

What is the vascular supply to the suboccipital muscles

Answer 60

vertebral and occipital arteries

Question 61

What muscles form the suboccipital triangle

Answer 61

rectus capitis posterior major obliqus capitis inferior obliqus capitis superior

Question 62

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle

Answer 62

vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve (C1)

Question 63

What is the function of the greater occipital nerve

Answer 63

strictly sensory to the back of the head

Question 64

What is the clinical correlation for the function of the greater occipital nerve

Answer 64

transverses semispinalis capitis: dysfunction can lead to sensory issues on back of head

Question 65

What is the function of the suboccipital nerve

Answer 65

motor to the muscles of the sub occipital triangle, no cutaneous or sensory branch

Question 66

What is suboccipital release

Answer 66

place pressure on back of skull in order to release semispinalis capitis muscle and releave tension on greater occipital nerve (posterior rami C2)

Question 67

What is the cervical myodural bridge

Answer 67

connection between cervical dura and CT of suboccipital muscles

Question 68

What is the function of the cervical myodural bridge

Answer 68

implications in movements of CSF

Question 69

What is a clinical correlation for cervical myodural bridge

Answer 69

possible cause of cervicogenic headaches