MSI

Question 1

in order for pressure ulcers to heal ______ _____ must be corrected

Answer 1

Protein deficiency

Question 2

foods high in protein

Answer 2

tofu, eggs, meat, fish, cheese

Question 3

anoxia

Answer 3

absence of oxygen

Question 4

contributing factors to pressure ulcers

Answer 4

immobility
prominent boney areas 
subcutaneous tissues 
congnition 
sensory perception 
nutrition 
shear mostiure

Question 5

gerontological considerations

Answer 5

skin thickness 
elasticity 
collagen 
sebaceous
sweat glands

Question 6

pressure ulcer sites

Answer 6

occiput
ear
scapula 
elbow
sacrum
greater trochanter 
ischial tuberosities 
medial condyle of tibia 
fibular head 
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
heel

Question 7

the lower the braden score…. the higher the ___ is

Answer 7

risk for pressure ulcer

Question 8

braden score considers what?

Answer 8

sensory perception
degree of moisture on skin 
activity 
mobility 
nutrition 
friction and shear

Question 9

stage 1 pressure ulcer

Answer 9

erythmea 
intact skin 
no blanching 
colors may differ (possibly purple)
painful, soft, hot or cold

Question 10

stage 2 pressure ulcers

Answer 10

partial thickness
loss of dermis
may be a blood filled blister
may be shiny or dry with out slough or blistering

Question 11

stage 3 pressure ulcer

Answer 11

full thickness tissue loss

subcutaneous layer may be visible but tendon bone or muscle is not exposed

Question 12

stage 4 pressure ulcer

Answer 12

full thickness
can see tendons or bone
slough and eschar
may include tunneling

Question 13

what is possible with a stage 4 pressure ulcer

Answer 13

osteomyletsis

Question 14

unstageable pressure ulcers

Answer 14

base of the would cannot be seen

Question 15

eschar that should not be removed

Answer 15

if it is stable, it is the bodies natural covering and healing

Question 16

treatment of stage I pressure ulcers

Answer 16

improve risk factors 
relieve pressure 
improve nutrition 
fluid and electrolyte balance 
moisture 
friction and shear

Question 17

treatment of stage II pressure ulcers

Answer 17

(include all things of stage I pressure ulcer treatment)
cleanse gently
avoidance
dressing changes

Question 18

treatment of stage III and V pressure ulcers

Answer 18

mechanical flushing 
topical enzyme debriedment 
surgical debridement 
skin grafts 
physical therapy 
diet

Question 19

assessments when assessing pressure ulcer dressings

Answer 19

drainage
constriction
sensation
irritation from the tape

Question 20

complete fracture

Answer 20

involves a break that is across a cross section

Question 21

incomplete fracture

Answer 21

involves a break through part of the cross section of the bone

Question 22

pathological fracture

Answer 22

a fracture due to a diseased bone

Question 23

comminuted fracture

Answer 23

produces several bone fragments

Question 24

closed fracture

Answer 24

does not cause a break in the skin

Question 25

open fracture

Answer 25

skin or mucus membrane wound extends to the fractured bone

Question 26

intrarticular fracture

Answer 26

cartilaginous

Question 27

stage 1 fractures

Answer 27

less that 1 cm

Question 28

stage 2 fractures

Answer 28

larger wound with out extensive tissue damage

Question 29

stage 3 fracture

Answer 29

highly contaminated with large amounts of tissues damage, may be accompanied by traumatic amputation

Question 30

signs of a fracture

Answer 30

``` acute pain loss of function deformity shortening of the extremity crepitus localized edema and ecchymosis ```

Question 31

emergency management of fractures

Answer 31

immobilize fracture at the joints proximal and distal to the fracture adequate splinting assess neurovascular status and pulses proximal and distal to fracture

Question 32

fracture reduction

Answer 32

restoration of the fracture fragments to anatomical alignment and positioning

Question 33

closed reduction

Answer 33

bringing the fragments together with manual traction (cast splint and other devices)

Question 34

fiberglass cast

Answer 34

comprised of polyurethane has more versitility than plaster lighter stronger more water resistant reaches full rigidity within 30 minutes of application

Question 35

plaster cast

Answer 35

``` made of plaster less costly achieves a better mold than fiber glass heavy not water resistant ```

Question 36

traction

Answer 36

application of pulling force to realign a joint decreases muscle spasms and pain realignment of bones and corrections orprevention of deformities

Question 37

straight or running traction

Answer 37

applies the pulling force straight in line with the body in bed

Question 38

buck extension traction

Answer 38

skin traction to the lower leg

Question 39

skin traction

Answer 39

applied to skin

Question 40

skeletal traction

Answer 40

applied directly to the bony skeleton

Question 41

intracapsular fracture

Answer 41

fractures of the neck of the femur

Question 42

extracapsular fracture

Answer 42

fractures of the trochanter region and between the base of neck and the lesser trochanter of the subtrochanteric area

Question 43

gerentological considerations

Answer 43

less bone density stress and immobility confusion muscle weakness