psychosocail Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
anorexia is more common in
A
women (90% of cases)
2
Q
anorexia is a
A
clients refusal or inability to maintain minimal body weight
3
Q
males with anorexia are more likely to
A
not seek treatment
4
Q
anorexia is an intense fear of
A
gaining weights or becoming fat, a disturbed body image and inability to acknowledge the problem
5
Q
subgroup of anorexia 1
A
lose weight through diet, fasting, excessive exercising
6
Q
subgroup of anorexia 2
A
binge eating and purging
7
Q
bulimia nervosa is
A
binge eating characterized by any recurrent episodes of binge eating and the inappropriate behaviors to avoid weight gain such as purging, fasting, and exercising (they often engage in eating in secret)
8
Q
anorexia is onset at ages of
A
14-18yrs
9
Q
risk factors for anorexia
A
intense fear of becoming over weight
distorted body image
control issues/OCD
B/c we emphasize self worth equated to beauty
10
Q
start assessing for anorexia around what age?
A
age 9
11
Q
other signs of anorexia
A
isolation, mistrust, paranoia
12
Q
treatment of anorexia
A
can be very difficult if the patient is refusing to seek treatment/help
13
Q
medical management of anorexia
A
weight restoration, nutritional rehab, rehydration, correct electrolyte imbalance, TPN
14
Q
people with anorexia are at risk for
A
osteoporosis (rt amenorrhea)
cardiac problems
15
Q
pharmacological treatment of anorexia
A
has shown little success
16
Q
people with anorexia have
A
decreased metabolism
decreased thyroid
become emaciated
17
Q
Bulimia is
A
begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, binge eating after dieting or fasting then purging between binge eating and purging episodes eat restrictively which sets them up for the next episode of binging and purging
18
Q
Signs of someone with bulimia
A
bad teeth, bad breath, calluces on fingers from shoving finger in throat, appearance, motor behavior, mood and effect, self-concept, roles and relationships, physiologic and self care considerations
19
Q
most effective treatment for bulimia
A
cognitive/behavioral therapy
20
Q
when therapeutically communicating with someone with bulimia you want to
A
remain calm and praise small things
21
Q
nursing interventions for someone with bulimia
A
establish nutritional and eating patterns, identifying emotions, developing coping strategies, dealing with body image issues, providing client and family education
22
Q
therapeutic communication while talking to someone with an eating disorders
A
remain empathetic and non judgmental
avoid sounding parental
do not label clients as “good” when they avoid purging or eat a whole meal (maybe just acknowledge what they say)
remaining calm and praising small things
23
Q
Altruism
A
stressors and emotional conflicts are addressed by meeting the needs of others
24
Q
Sublimation
A
substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
25
humor
emphasizing the amusing aspects of life and stress
26
suppression
conscious exclusion of unacceptable thought and feelings from conscious awareness
27
repression
excluding emotionally painful or anxiety producing thoughts and feelings from the conscious (long term)
28
displacement
ventilation of intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings (chain of screaming)
29
reaction formation
acting the opposite of what someone thinks or feels
30
somatization
transferring anxiety on an unconscious level to a physical symptom that has no organic cause
31
undoing
exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate an unacceptable behavior
32
rationalization
excusing own behavior to avoid guilt/responsibility/conflict/anxiety/loss of self respect
33
passive agressive
indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression towards others
34
acting out behaviors
addresses stressors by actions rather than reflections or feelings
35
dissociation
dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity
36
devaluation
conflicts handled by attributing negative qualities to self or others
37
idealization
conflicts handled by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others
38
splitting
inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of self and others into a cohesive whole ( personality disorders)
39
projections
unconsciously rejects emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes them to other people, objects or situations through projection
40
denial
failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or reality of a situation
41
anxiety is
a vague feeling of dread or apprehension or response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, or physical symptoms
42
anxiety is not the same as
fear
43
fear is feeling
threatened by external stimulus
44
anxiety can serve a
positive function
45
alarm reaction stage
the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, in which the body responds to stress by exhibiting shock
46
resistance stage
Resistance is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome. During this stage the body has increased capacity to respond to the stressor. Due to high energetic costs the body cannot maintain high levels of resistance to stress forever
47
exhaustion stage
The third stage is exhaustion. Hopefully the issue is resolved in the alarm or resistance stage, but the body cannot maintain the resistance stage for a long period of time.
48
levels of anxiety
mild, something that is different and warrants special attention
moderate, something definitely wrong becomes nervous or agitated
severe, defensive response ensures, cognitive skills decrease
49
anxiolytic drugs
benzodiazepines
| nonbenzodiazepines
50
anxiety is the highest prevalent
mental disorder in the united states
51
gerentological considerations when it comes to anxiety
they may have dementia/anxiety related to not being able to remember things
52
why is anxiety so strong in the us
were a future focused society rather then present focused society
53
agorophobia
fear if people/talking to people/ going out
54
panic disorder
composed of discrete episodes of panic attacks 15-30 minutes, persons feel extreme fear and discomfort
55
s and s of an anxiety attack
SOB, sweating, tremors, palpitations, sense of suffocation , chest pain, nausea, sense of suffocation, nausea, abd pain, distress, parethesias, chills, hot flashes
56
primary gain of anxiety
I dont wanna deal with anxiety so i am not gonna go out
57
secondary gain of anxiety
using someone to enable your anxiety
58
Nursing intervention
using theraputic communication, managing anxiety, and providing client and family education
59
deffinition of a phobia
an illogical intense and persistent fear of a specific object or social situation that causes extreme distress and interferes with normal functioning. people may not understand why they have this fear and may even joke about it being "silly"
60
treatment for phobias
desenitization and flooding
61
flooding
doing fear all at once, in controlled safe enviorment
62
desensitization
slowly exposing the person to the fear
63
Generalized anxiety disorder
worries excessively about and feels highly anxious at least 50% of the time for 6 months or more
64
three or more of the symptoms indicate GAD
uneasiness, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue, difficulty thinking, sleep alterations, decreases quality of life for older adults
65
what happens when a person looses excess amounts of sleep?
they become irritable and can have hallucinations
66
Autism spectrum disorder is the newer term for
disorders previously known as pervasive developmental disorder
67
during 4-6 what happens that can cause autism
issues with neural tube defects, no blood brain barrier so brain is unprotected
68
head of a child consists of about ____% of BW
25%
69
head of an adult consists about __% of BW
2%
70
what could be the cause of autism?
drugs/poor nutrition
traumatic brain injury
lack of touch and compassion
Shaken baby syndrome
71
autism is more coming in what gender group?
boys
72
autism is often identified in the age group of
18 mos to 3 years
73
signs of autism
limited capacity to relate to peers, facial expressions, limited gestures to communicate, lack of spontaneous enjoyment, no emotional affect and cannot engage in make believe toys, little intelligible speech and engage in stereotyped motor behaviors
74
there is a what to autism?
genetic factor
75
autism can improve as
children learn how to communicate
76
goals of treatment include
reduce behavioral issues and symptoms to promote acquisition of language skills
77
pharamacological management
Haldol and risperidol for temper tantrums
78
expressive aphasia
cannot say what you want to say
79
receptive aphasia
cannot understand what people say
80
Retts multiple deficits
formal diagnosed disorder
deficits after a normal period of functioning
exclusive in girls 5mos to 1yr severe impairement and expressive and receptive language becomes evident as you get older
81
childhood disintrgrative disorders are
rare and more common in boys
82
aspergers disorder PPD
same impairment of social interactions restricted interests or behaviors, no language or cognitive disorders, more often in boys than girls
83
encopresis
pooping in bed
84
enuresis
bed wetting
85
ADHD
characterized by inattention, over activity, and impulsiveness
common however more common in boys, accounts for more mental health referrals than any other single disorder
86
distinguishing ADHD from ______ is important butu difficult
bipolar disorder
87
onset of ADHD
preschool, fussy, temperamental poor sleeping patterns, dart back and forth and cannot tolerate sedentary things such as stories.
starts school symptoms and significantly interfere with performance and behavior
70% of those diagnosed can continue to have problems into adulthood
70-75% of adults with ADHD have other psychiatric diagnoses
(OCD, risky behaviors, depression)
88
etiology of ADHD
unknown, difference in brain imaging and genetic link
89
risk factors for ADHD
Hx. male relatives with ADHD, Alchoholism, male relatives antisocial personalities, female relatives with somatization disorder, lower socioeconomic status, males, family discord, low birth weight and various kinds of brain insult
90
treatment of ADHD
no one found effective, different approaches, chronic issue
| psychopharm- Ritalin and adderall (have some bad adverse effects)
91
assessment of a child with ADHD
inattention, cannot concentrate on anything, cannot get organized, can not follow 3 step commands
92
interventions for child with ADHD
```
ensuring safety
improving role performance
simplify instruction
promote a structured daily routine
providing client, family education, and support
```
93
intellectual disability defined as
below average intellectual functioning IQ less than 70 and limitations in adaptive functioning
94
causes of intellectual disability
tay-sachs disease, fragile X syndrome, trisomy 21, maternal alcohol intake, (FAS), fetal malnutrition, hypoxia, infections, trauma, lead poisoning, deprivation of nurturing or stimulation
95
physical features of FAS
flat mid-face, failure to thrive, wide set face, PKU is off, if corrected early enough the child wont have as many severe issues
96
dissociative disorders
subconscious defense mechanisms that help protect a person from recognizing some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove self from painful situation/memory
disruption integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or environmental perception
97
dissociative disorders are seen in
patients with PTSD
98
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative amnesia occurs when a person blocks out certain information, usually associated with a stressful or traumatic event, leaving him or her unable to remember important personal information, caused by extremely traumatic events
99
dissociative identity disorder
A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.
100
depersonalization disorder
perception of self is skewed in order to protect emotional well being
101
derealization disorder
reoccuring experience with the unreality of surroundings, however reality remains intact, "dream like sense"
102
somatic symptom disorder
transfer of mental experience into symptoms, illness characterized by presence of physical symptoms with out organic cause
103
conversion disorder
conversion reaction- unexplained sudden sensory or motor deficits caused by extreme stress. paralysis or blindness for example
104
pain disorder
pain unrelieved by analgesics affected by psychological factors in terms of onset, severity, exacerbation and maintenance
105
hypochondriasis
fear that one will develop a serious disease
106
difference between somatic disorders and malingering disorders
somatic disorders are not fabricated
107
in malingering and factitious disorders people will,
willfully control their symptoms
108
people with malingering disorder is
motivated by something they need, external incentives, (ex. get out of work) and they can stop the symptoms as soon as they wanted
109
factitious disorder
imposed onself- person intentionally produces or feigns physical harm ex munchausen's syndrome
110
munchausens syndrome
hurting yourself for attention
111
munchausens syndrome by proxy
hurting your child or family member for attention
112
interalization
keep stress, anxiety and frustration with in and express through physical somatization of symptoms
113
primary gains of somatization disorders
direct relief of being sick provides relief of anxiety conflict or distress
114
secondary gains of somatization disorders
internal or personal benefits received from others because one is sick, such as attention from family and comfort measures. Person "needs to be sick" to have emotional needs met
