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Anatomy - Year 3 > MSK 4 - Upper Limbs 4 > Flashcards

MSK 4 - Upper Limbs 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functional groups that the muscles of the posterior forearm can be organised into?

A

1) Muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint
2) Muscles that extend the medial four digits
3) Muscles that extend or abduct the thumb

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2
Q

What is A?

A

Olecranon

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3
Q

What is B?

A

Anconeus

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4
Q

What is C?

A

Flexor carpi ularnis

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5
Q

What is D?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

What is E?

A

Extensor digiti minimi

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7
Q

What is F?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

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8
Q

What is G?

A

Anatomical snuff box

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9
Q

What is H?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

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10
Q

What is I?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

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11
Q

What is J?

A

Extensor digitorum

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12
Q

What is K?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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13
Q

What is L?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

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14
Q

What is M?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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15
Q

What is N

A

Brachioradialis

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16
Q

What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis on the wrist joint?

A

They both extend and abduct the wrist joint.

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17
Q

Other than extension and abduction of the wrist, what other actions are the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis involved in with the help of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

They cause radial deviation of the wrist

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18
Q

What are the muscles that extend the medial 4 digits?

A
  1. Extensor digitorum
  2. Extensor indicis
  3. Extensor digiti minimi
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19
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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20
Q

How many tendons does the extensor digitorum have?

A

As its fleshy muscle belly runs distally it ducks under the extensor retinaculum, and divides into 4 tendons for the fingers – very similar to FDS and FDP in Lesson 3.

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21
Q

What is A?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

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22
Q

What is B?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

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23
Q

What is C?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

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24
Q

Where is the supinator found?

A

This muscle envelops the neck and the proximal part of the shaft of the radius, covering it completely, except on its medial side.

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25
Q

What is the action of supinator?

A

Supinates forearm

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26
Q

For extensor digitorum:

  • innervation
  • main action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Main action
    • Extend medial 4 digits at MCP joint
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27
Q

For extensor carpi radialis longus:

  • innervation
  • main action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Main action
    • Extend and abduct wrist
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28
Q

For extensor carpi radialis brevis:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Action
    • Extend and abduct wrist
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29
Q

For brachioradialis:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Action
    • Flexion of elbow (weak, maximal when forearm in midpronated position)
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30
Q

For extensor carpi ulnaris:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Action
    • Extend and adduct wrist
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31
Q

For supinator:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Action
    • Supinates forearm
32
Q

For extensor digiti minimi:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Radial nerve
  • Action
    • Extends 5th finger at MP joint
33
Q

What supplies all of the innervation to the extensors?

A

Radial nerve

34
Q

What branches does the radial nerve give of?

A

As the radial nerve leaves the cubital fossa it gives off a deep and superficial branch.

35
Q

What is the deep branch of the radial nerve called?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve

36
Q

What is the main motor nerve of the extensors of the forearm?

A

Posterior interosseus nerve

37
Q

Through what muscle does the posteiror interosseus nerve run through?

A

It runs deep to the supinator muscle eventually piercing it to enter the extensor compartment of the forearm.

38
Q

What fibres are contained in the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

The superficial branch is purely sensory and distributed to skin on the dorsum of the hand. As it branches at the cubital fossa it runs deep to brachioradialis and enters the hand passing over the anatomical snuff box

39
Q

Where does the superficial branch of radial nerve run?

A

As it branches at the cubital fossa it runs deep to brachioradialis and enters the hand passing over the anatomical snuff box

40
Q

What is A?

A

Superficial branch of radial nerve

41
Q

What is B?

A

Posterior branch of radial nerve

42
Q

Why is the arterial supplie of the posterior forearm complicated?

A

The arterial supply is complex network of arterial anastomosis including

  • The posterior interosseus artery arising from the ulnar artery
  • The recurrent interosseous artery – a branch of the above.
43
Q

What are some arteries of the posterior forearm?

A

Posterior interosseus artery

Recurrent interosseous artery

44
Q

What are the following branches of:

  • posterior interosseus artery
  • recurrent interosseous artery
A
  • Posterior interosseus artery is a branch of radial artery
  • Recurrent interosseous artery is a branch of posterior interosseus artery
45
Q

What exists of the dorsum of the hand to provide stability and a tunnel for the extensor tendons?

A

Extensor retinaculum

46
Q

What is A?

A

Extensor retinaculum

47
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Non-tender cysts can grow on the synovial sheaths found on the back of the hand

These are often more inconvenient than functionally limiting and can be removed surgically

48
Q

What is a ganglion also called?

A

Synovial cyst

49
Q

Which of the cephalic and basilic vein in lateral and medial continuation of dorsal venous arch?

A

Medial - basilic vein

Lateral - cephalic

50
Q

What is A?

A

Extensor retinaculum

51
Q

What is B?

A

Radial artery

52
Q

What is C?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

53
Q

What is D?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

54
Q

What is E?

A

Tendon of extensor pollicis longus

55
Q

What are the boundaries of anatomical snuff box:

  • medial border
  • lateral border
  • floor
A
  • Medial border
    • Tendon of EPL
  • Lateral border
    • Tendons of APB and EPB
  • Floor
    • Scaphoid and trapezium
56
Q

Which artery can you feel pulsating on its floor?

A

Radial artery

57
Q

For extensor pollicis longus:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Posterior interosseous nerve
  • Action
    • Extend wrist
    • Extend distal phalanx of thumb
    • Extend metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
58
Q

For extensor pollicis brevis:

  • innervation
  • actions
A
  • Innervation
    • Posterior interosseous nerve
  • Actions
    • Extend wrist
    • Extend proximal phalanx of thumb
    • Extend carpometacarpal joint
59
Q

For adductor pollicis longus:

  • innervation
  • action
A
  • Innervation
    • Posterior interosseous nerve
  • Action
    • Extend wrist
    • Abduct thumb
    • Extend thumb at carpometacarpal joint
60
Q

What supplies the innervation to all extensors of thumb?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

61
Q

What are the extensors of the thumb?

A
  1. Extensor pollicis longus
  2. Extensor pollicis brevis
  3. Adductor pollicis longus
62
Q

What usually causes a distal forearm fracture?

A

Mechanical fall such as hand stretched out to cushion impact

63
Q

How can distal forearm fractures be classified?

A
  • According to x-ray
    • Colle’s fracture
      • Anterior displacement of shalf of radius on the distal aspect of the bone (dinner fork deformity)
      • Caused by falling onto an extended wrist
      • Most common
    • Smith’s fracture
      • Posterior displacement of the radius on the distal aspect of bone
      • Caused by falling onto flexed rwist, or by direct blow to forearm
64
Q

For scaphoid fracture:

  • aetiology
  • presentation
  • complications
A
  • Aetiology
    • Similar mechanism to Colle’s feacture
    • But more often occuring in elderly
  • Presentation
    • Pain felt during palpation of anatomical snuff box
  • Complications
    • Malunion of bone
    • Avascular necrosis
65
Q

What do the 4 extensor digitrum tendons flatten to form?

A

Extensor expansions

66
Q

What is each extensor expansion?

A

Each extensor expansion is a triangular tendinous aponeurosis that wraps around the dorsum and sides of the head of the metacarpal and base of the proximal phalanx.

67
Q

What is A?

A

Middle conjoint tendon

68
Q

What is B?

A

Oblique interosseus fibres

69
Q

What is C?

A

Extensor digitorum

70
Q

What is D?

A

Metacarpal

71
Q

What is E?

A

Interosseous muscle

72
Q

What is F?

A

Lumbrical muscle

73
Q

What is G?

A

Lateral band

74
Q

What stabilises the extensor expansion?

A

Once distal to the proximal phalanx, a number of ligaments stabilise the extensor expansion. These include the tendinous fibres of the interossei and lumbrical muscles

75
Q

What are the main tendons that insert distally to the proximal phalanx?

A

The main tendons which insert distally are the middle and terminal conjoint tendons. The middle onto the base of the middle phalanx, and terminal onto the base of the distal phalanx respectively

76
Q

Where do the following insert:

  • middle conjoint tendon
  • terminal conjoint tendon
A
  • Middle conjoint tendon
    • Base of middle phalanx
  • Terminal conjoint tendon
    • Base of distal phalanx
77
Q

What 4 muscles attach onto the extensor expansion?

A
  1. Lumbricals of hand
  2. Extensor indicis muscle
  3. Dorsal interossei of hand
  4. Palmar interossei of hand

Anatomy - Year 3 (18 decks)

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