MSK basics - biomechanics

Question 1

convex surface:

Answer 1

movement in opposite direction

Question 2

concave surface:

Answer 2

movement in same direction

Question 3

OKC:
pronation

Answer 3

EDAB

Eversion
Dorsiflexion
ABduction

Question 4

OKC:
supination

Answer 4

IPAD

Inversion
Plantarflexion
ADduction

Question 5

CKC:
pronation

Answer 5

EPAD

Eversion
Plantarflexion
ADduction

Question 6

CKC:
supination

Answer 6

IDAB

Inversion
Dorsiflexion
ABduction

Question 7

joint motion osteokinematics - hyper and hypomobility

Answer 7

hypermobility at one joint can lead to hypermobility at another joint

Question 8

roll =

Answer 8

movement of bone

Question 9

slide =

Answer 9

what surface is moving

Question 10

adhesive capsulitis exception =

Answer 10

posterior-inferior glided

Question 11

shoulder capsular pattern

Answer 11

External rotation > Abduction >
Internal rotation

Question 12

grade 1 mobilization

Answer 12

small amplitude

beginning of range

Question 13

grade 2 mobilization

Answer 13

large amplitude

within range - NOT reaching limit

Question 14

grade 3 mobilization

Answer 14

large amplitude rhythmic oscillations

up to limit of available motion - stressed into tissue resistance

Question 15

grade 4 mobilization

Answer 15

small amplitude rhythmic oscillations

at the limit of available motion - stressed into resistance

Question 16

grade 5 mobilization

Answer 16

small amplitude

high velocity thrust

snap adhesions at limit of range

Question 17

upper crossed syndrome

facilitated:

Answer 17

SCM/pectoralis

upper trap/levator scapula

Question 18

upper crossed syndrome

inhibited:

Answer 18

deep cervical flexors

lower trap/serratus ant.

Question 19

lower crossed syndrome

facilitated:

Answer 19

rectus femoris/iliopsoas

thoraco-lumbar extensors

Question 20

lower crossed syndrome

inhibited:

Answer 20

abdominals

gluteus min/med/max

Question 21

long (sitting supine to sit) test

Answer 21

identifies SI joint dysfunction

may be cause of leg length discrepancy

Question 22

ALPS

Answer 22

anterior longer
posterior shorter

Question 23

if the leg is long it is ___ rotated innominate

Answer 23

anteriorly

Question 24

if the leg is short it is ___ rotated innominate

Answer 24

posteriorly

Question 25

ASIS vs PSIS

Answer 25

ASIS - hip flexors PSIS - hip extensors

Question 26

higher ASIS lower PSIS

Answer 26

weak hip flexors tight hip extensors

Question 27

stretch vs strengthen

Answer 27

Stretch First, Then Strengthen Tight muscles can inhibit the opposing weak muscles through a process called reciprocal inhibition By stretching first, you reduce that inhibition, improve joint mobility, and give the weak muscles a better chance to activate properly during strengthening. It also ensures you're working in the correct range of motion and not reinforcing faulty patterns

Question 28

Someone with anterior pelvic tilt:

Answer 28

Stretch hip flexors and lumbar extensors (they’re tight) Then strengthen glutes and abdominals (they’re weak)

Question 29

frontal plane:

Answer 29

abduction adduction

Question 30

sagittal plane:

Answer 30

flexion extension

Question 31

closed vs open chain for strengthening

Answer 31

CKC = function, stability, proprioception OKC = isolation, muscle activation, control

Question 32

Isometric Contraction

Answer 32

Muscle length stays the same No joint movement Tension develops without visible movement Example: Wall sit, plank, holding a squat mid-range Use for: Early rehab when movement is painful Joint stabilization training

Question 33

Concentric Contraction

Answer 33

Muscle shortens as it contracts Produces movement against gravity or resistance Example: Lifting phase of a bicep curl Use for: Building strength Functional movement training (e.g., standing up from a chair)

Question 34

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 34

Muscle lengthens while contracting Controls or slows motion, often with gravity Example: Lowering phase of a squat or bicep curl Use for: Deceleration control (e.g., walking downhill) Tendon rehab (like patellar or Achilles tendinopathy) Building strength (especially when overloaded)