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1
Q

Examples of Medial Thigh muscles

A 
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
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2
Q

What are the three sections of Adductor Magnus?

A
  1. Adductor minimus
  2. Adductor portion
  3. Hamstring portion (innervated by sciatic nerve)
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3
Q

The Hamstring portion of the Adductor Magnus inserts into what?

A

The Adductor Tubercle of the Femur

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4
Q

What are the three muscles that insert into medial condyle of tibia (Pes Anserinus)

A

Gracilis
Sartorius
Semitendinosus

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5
Q

What muscles is a hip flexor, hip adductor, and lateral rotator?

A

Sartorius

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6
Q

What passes through the adductor canal?

A
  1. Femoral Artery
  2. Femoral Vein
  3. Saphenous Nerve
  4. Nerve to Vastus Medialis
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7
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery and vein

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8
Q

The Articular Capsule of the Hip Joint has an overlying bursa to allow smooth movement for what muscle?I

A

Iiopsoas

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9
Q

What muscles insert into greater trochanter of femur?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Minimus
  3. Piriformis
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10
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; STRONGEST, located anteriorly and prevents HYPEREXTENSION of the joint (backwards)

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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11
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; located inferiorly and prevents HYPERABDUCTION of the joint (sideways)

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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12
Q

Ligament that strengthens the Hip Joint; located posteriorly

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

The fibers of ALL three ligaments of the Hip Joint are oriented in a “spiral” fashion around the hip so as to become tightened during

A

Extension

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14
Q

What are the various arteries that vascularize the Head of the Femur

A
  1. Medial/Lateral 2. Circumflex arteries
  2. Retinacular arteries
  3. Artery of the Head

*the Medial Circumflex is the MAIN contributor of all of these

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15
Q

What structures pass through the Greater Sciatic Foramen

A
  1. Piriformis muscle
  2. Sciatic nerve
  3. Superior/Inferior Gluteal nerves and vessels
  4. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve
  5. Pudendal nerve and Internal Pudendal vessels
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16
Q

What structures pass through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen

A
  1. Pudendal nerve and Internal Pudendal vessels

2. Obturator Internus

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17
Q

Gluteus Maximus inserts into

A

Gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT Band

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18
Q

Origins of the two heads of the Biceps Femoris

A

Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera

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19
Q

Insertion of the Hamstring muscles

A

Proximal Tibia and Fibula (aka distal to knee joint)

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20
Q

Knee flexor muscle that unlocks the knee

A

Popliteus muscle

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21
Q

Two branches of sciatic nerve at popliteal fossa

A

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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22
Q

Branches of Common Fibular nerve and their innervation

A
  1. Superficial Fibular Nerve –> Lateral compartment of leg

2. Deep Fibular Nerve –> Anterior compartment of leg

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23
Q

Superficial fibular nerve innervates lateral compartment of leg and also provides sensory innervation to

A

dorsum of foot

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24
Q

Deep fibular nerve innervates anterior compartment of leg and also provides sensory innervation to

A

area between big toe and 2nd toe (flip flop region)

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25
The (Superficial/Deep) POSTERIOR lower leg group is responsible for Plantarflexion of the ankle only
Superficial
26
Muscles of the SUPERFICIAL Posterior Lower Leg muscle group
1. Gastrocnemius (fast plantarflexion) 2. Soleus (slow plantarflexion) 3. Plantaris (proprioceptive)
27
What is the common tendon of superficial posterior leg muscle group
Achilles tendon
28
Achilles tendon inserts into
calcaneal tuberosity
29
The (Superficial/Deep) POSTERIOR lower leg group is responsible for Plantarflexion of the ankle, flexion of toes, and inversion of foot
Deep
30
Muscles of the DEEP Posterior Lower Leg muscle group
1. Tibialis Posterior (inverts foot) 2. Flexor Digitorium Longus 3. Flexor Hallucis Longus *Tom Dick Harry
31
What muscle group tendons pass through Tarsal tunnel and insert into distal phalanges?
Deep posterior lower leg group
32
Structures that pass through the Tarsal Tunnel (medial to lateral)
``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus ``` Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry
33
Anterior tibial artery pierces through what structure to vascularize anterior leg compartment?
Interosseous membrane
34
The LATERAL lower leg group is responsible for
Eversion of foot
35
Examples of leg muscles within the Lateral Compartment
1. Fibularis Longus | 2. Fibularis Brevis
36
What muscle passes through the groove in the cuboid and inserts into 1st metatarsal?
Fibularis Longus
37
What muscle inserts into 5th metatarsal?
Fibularis Brevis
38
The Anterior Compartment Lower Leg muscles are responsible for (Dorsi/Palmar)flexion of the Foot
Dorsiflexion (aka. extension)
39
Examples of leg muscles within the Anterior Compartment
1. Tibialis Anterior (primary) 2. Extensor Digitorum Longus 3. Extensor Hallucis Longus 4. Fibularis Tertius
40
Extensor digitorum longus inserts into what structure to flex the digits?
Extensor Expansion
41
What muscle allows both dorsiflexion and eversion of foot?
fibularis tertius
42
What are the 3 Lateral Ankle ligaments that protects from inversion of foot
1. Anterior Talofibular ligament 2. Posterior Talofibular ligament 3. Calcaneofibular ligament
43
What lateral ankle ligament is the most commonly torn due to ankle sprain (plantarflexion and infersion)
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
44
What are the medial ankle ligaments that attach to medial malleolus and protects from eversion of foot
Deltoid ligaments
45
Articular surface of the Talus; articulates with the Navicular
Head
46
Part of Talus that forms a groove for the Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
Posterior tubercle
47
Mechanism of action for Talus fractures
Forced dorsiflexion (auto-accidents; foot on brake pushed superiorly)
48
Articulation surface of the Calcaneus; articulates with the talus superiorly
Subtalar joint
49
The Flexor Hallicus Longus passes by/under what notable structures of the Ankle on it's journey to the Big toe
1. Talus (posterior tubercle) | 2. Calcaneus (Sustentaculum Tali)
50
Muscles in the 1st layer of the Plantar Foot
1. Abductor Hallucis 2. Abductor Digiti Minimi 3. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
51
Muscles in the 2nd Layer of the Plantar Foot
1. Intrinsic: - Quadratus Plantae - Lumbrical Muscles 2. Extrinsic: - Flexor Digitorum Longus - Flexor Hallucis Longus
52
What 2nd layer plantar foot muscle inserts into FDL?
Quadratus Plantae
53
What 2nd layer plantar foot muscle arises from FDL?
Lumbrical Muscles
54
Muscles in the 3rd Layer of the Plantar Foot
1. Adductor Hallucis 2. Flexor Hallucis Brevis 3. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
55
Muscles in the 4th layer of the Plantar Foot
3 Plantar Interossei Muscles (Adduct) 4 Dorsal Interossei Muscles (Abduct)
56
Insertion of the foot Interossei muscles
Extensor Expansion
57
The vast majority of Intrinsic Plantar Foot muscles are innervated by the (Lateral/Medial) Plantar nerve
Lateral (14 out of 18)
58
The Medial Plantar nerve innervates which Intrinsic Plantar Foot muscles
1. Flexor Digitorum Brevis (1st layer) 2. Aductor Hallucis (1st layer) 3. 1st (medial) Lumbrical (2nd layer) 4. Flexor Hallucis Brevis (3rd layer)
59
ALL Intrinsic Plantar Muscles are innervated by which nerve roots
S2 & S3
60
One of the terminal branches of the Tibial nerve; innervates 4 plantar muscles; provides sensory innervation to the medial 3 1/2 toes (similar to the median nerve in the hand) and mid sole
Medial Plantar nerve
61
One of the terminal branches of the Tibial nerve; Deep branch innervates the majority of Plantar Foot muscles; Superficial branch supplies sensation to the lateral 1 1/2 toes (similar to the ulnar nerve in hand) and lateral aspect of foot
Lateral Plantar nerve
62
Medial plantar artery mainly supplies
the big toe
63
Lateral plantar artery gives rise to deep plantar ARCH which anastomoses with the deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis)
Lateral Plantar artery
64
Subtalar joint is stabilized by what ligament?
Interosseous Talocalcaneal ligament
65
Joint that consists of 2 joints (calcaneocuboid joint & talonavicular joint)
Transverse Tarsal Joint

MSK (8 decks)

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