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STUDY TIME✌️🤓 > MT 3 Bio > Flashcards

MT 3 Bio Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when a tumor spreads out to other parts of the body?

A

metastasis

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2
Q

Name the two types of tumors?

A

Benign and Malignant

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3
Q

What type of tumor spreads?

A

Malignant

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4
Q

What type of tumor does not spread?

A

Benign

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5
Q

What kind of cell is in animals, plants, and fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

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6
Q

Name four things all cells have:

A
  1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Cell Membrane
  4. Ribosomes
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7
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
  3. All cells come from other cells
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8
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane?

A

to control what goes in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What organelle gives the cell shape and moves organelles around?

A

Cytoskeleton

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10
Q

What organelle holds everything in place?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

holds everything in place

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12
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

protects DNA that controls the cells activity

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13
Q

What organelle makes ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

What do ribosomes make?

A

protein

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15
Q

define a vesicle:

A

part of the membrane that goes around the lipid or protein to transport it around the cell

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16
Q

what are the jobs of the ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum?

A

make proteins and package them for secretion

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17
Q

what organelle makes and packages LIPIDS

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

gets vesicles of protein from the ER/ processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed

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19
Q

what do lysosomes do

A

break down dead stuff/ can do programmed cell death

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20
Q

What organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste

A

Vacuoles

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21
Q

What organelles appear during cell division to pull chromosomes apart?

A

Centrioles/Centrosomes

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22
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

Animal and bacteria cells only, associated with the cytoskeleton

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23
Q

What is the job of cilia?

A

move fluids across the cells surface

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24
Q

What is the job of flagella?

A

move the entire cell through extracellular fluid

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25
Q

What organelle breaks down food to release energy as ATP

A

Mitochondria

26
Q

What organelle is where photosythesis happens and converts energy from the sun into sugar

A

Chloroplasts

27
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

protect and maintain shape

28
Q

one individual member of a species:

A

organism

29
Q

set of organs working together for a common function:

A

organ system

30
Q

set of tissues working together for a common function:

A

organ

31
Q

group of cells working together for a common function:

A

tissue

32
Q

most basic unit of life that has all the characteristics of life:

A

cell

33
Q

what are stem cells?

A

undifferentiated cells that become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells

34
Q

What is an embryonic stem cell?

A

A stem cell that can become any type

35
Q

What is an adult stem cell?

A

Cells found in adult bone marrow that are partially differentiated and can only become certain types

36
Q

What is the order of the cell cycle?

A

IPMATC

37
Q

What is the end result of the cell cycle?

A

Two identical body cells

38
Q

What are the two main purposes of the cell cycle?

A

Growth and repair

39
Q

What is the division phase of the cell cycle?

A

Mitosis

40
Q

What is prophase?

A

chromosomes condensing, nuclear membrane disappearing, and spindle fibers form

41
Q

What is metaphase?

A

spindle fibers connecting to centromeres, chromosomes getting into the middle of the cell

42
Q

What is anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separating and becoming individual chromosomes

43
Q

What phase of mitosis is when chromosomes de-condense and start to look like chromatic again. Spindle fibers break down and nuclear membrane reforms

A

Telophase

44
Q

What is the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells?

A

Cytokinesis

45
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions

46
Q

what is a positive feedback mechanism?

A

Amplification

47
Q

what is a negative feedback mechanism?

A

Stabilization- returning to a set point

48
Q

Define active cell transport:

A

cell transport that requires extra energy to bring materials in or out of the cell. (LOW TO HIGH concentration AGAINST the gradient)

49
Q

Give 3 examples of active cell transport:

A

-molecular pumps
-exocytosis
-endocytosis

50
Q

Define passive cell transport:

A

cell transport that requires no extra energy because the molecules go from high to low areas DOWN THE GRADIENT

51
Q

Give three examples of passive cell transport:

A

-osmosis
-simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion

52
Q

What is simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane?

A

Osmosis

53
Q

What is the spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached?

A

Simple Diffusion

54
Q

A transport protein helping to facilitate diffusion of molecules that normally couldn’t pass through the membrane is called…

A

Facilitated diffusion

55
Q

Define osmosis:

A

the simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane

56
Q

What is a hypertonic solution

A

a solution that the water concentration is lower than the cells cytoplasm- DEHYDRATION

57
Q

What is a hypotonic solution

A

water concentration being higher than the cells cytoplasm- SWELLING

58
Q

What is an isotonic solution

A

a solution where the water and cells cytoplasm have the same concentration

59
Q

Define molecular pumps

A

when a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane against the gradient through a protein channel

60
Q
A
61
Q

What is exocytosis

A

uses vesicles to export materials out of the cell

STUDY TIME✌️🤓 (12 decks)

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