MT 6 Biology

Question 1

Dominant

Answer 1

The trait that is more likely to be expressed

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the genetic makeup of an orgnanism, the letters

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

different versions of the same gene

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

The trait that is most likely expressed; will mask the recessive trait

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

The less likely expressed trait; will only show in the absence of a dominant trait

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

having two identical alleles (aa or AA)

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

having two different alleles (Aa)

Question 8

A Law of Dominance

Answer 8

A dominant allele will express itself over a recessive allele

Question 9

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 9

The assortment of chromosomes for one trait does NOT affect the assortment of another traits chromosomes

Question 10

Law of Segregation

Answer 10

when chromosomes separate in meiosis each gamete (egg or sperm) will receive only ONE chromosome from each pair

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

he genetic makeup of an organism; the letters (aa, AA, Aa)

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

the PHYSICAL trait expressed; tall, short, blonde, brunette

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

An allele is a variant form of a gene that controls a specific trait or characteristic

Question 14

Sex linked trait

Answer 14

genes on the sex chromosomes

Question 15

Pedigree

Answer 15

a chart used to trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry diseases or traits

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

a change in DNA

Question 17

Somatic mutation

Answer 17

mutation in somatic cells; passed in my mitosis –> cancer

Question 18

Germ line mutation

Answer 18

occur in germ line cells (that give rise to gametes) and are passed on by meiosis –> mutated offspring

Question 19

Point mutation

Answer 19

substitutes one nucleotide for another

Question 20

Frameshift mutations

Answer 20

the intention or deletion of a nucleotide

Question 21

Translocation (chromosomal mutation)

Answer 21

pieces of non-homologous (chromosomes NOT coding for the name trait) exchange segments during crossing over

Question 22

Nondisjunction (chromosomal mutation)

Answer 22

Chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes per cell rather than 2

Question 23

Linked genes

Answer 23

Genes that are physically located on the same chromosome will be inherited together ex. blonde hair and blue eyes, red hair and freckles

Question 24

Multiple alleles

Answer 24

Having more than two alleles for one gene ex. blood type or fur color in rabbits

Question 25

Incomplete dominance

Answer 25

The heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phenotypes

Question 26

Codominance

Answer 26

Both traits and FULLY and SEPARATELY expressed ex. blood type

Question 27

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 27

A trait produced by 2+ genes ex. skin color, eye color, height, personality