MT

Question 1

Which substance(s) is(are) NOT secreted by kidneys?

Answer 1

leukotriens

Question 2

. In nephrotic syndrome there is a selective significant increase of glomerular permeability for which of the following?

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

Which disease is characterized by formation of cavities in the lungs?

Answer 3

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Question 4

Which protein-to-protein ratio is typical for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 4

albumin to globulin ration is less than 1

Question 5

During regular annual exam of a symptom free patient the high blood level of BUN was found. Which term describes this abnormality best?

Answer 5

azotemia

Question 6

Which pathogenetic mechanism of glomerulonephritis is associated with immune complex formation outside kidney?

Answer 6

circulating immune complex deposition

Question 7

Anti-GBM pathogenetic mechanism of glomerulonephritis corresponds to which subtype of antibody-dependent type of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 7

. complement-mediated reactions

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT associated with nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

Buerger’s disease

Question 9

Which acute glomerulonephritis associated with nephritic syndrome most often turns into chronic glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

crescent glomerulonephritis

Question 10

.Necrotizing papillitis in the kidney develops more often in which of the following disorders

Answer 10

diabetes mellitus

Question 11

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?

Answer 11

ball-like depositions within the mesangium

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common glomerular disease?

Answer 12

Berger’s disease

Question 13

In crescentic glomerulonephritis the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?

Answer 13

hyperplasia of parietal epithelial cells

Question 14

Pathogenesis of kidney involvement in Goodpasture’s syndrome corresponds to which type of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 14

antibody-dependent

Question 15

Which of the following is most common disorder(s) eventually resulting in ischemic heart disease?

Answer 15

atherosclerosis

Question 16

Which organ(s) is(are) NOT typical reservoir (storage) of the chronic infection in the body?

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

Which kind of angina pectoris is also known as pre-infarction angina?

Answer 17

crescendo

Question 18

Long-term hypertension eventually leads to congestive heart failure. in this case which of the following sings and consequences of this transformation comes to he clinical attention first?

Answer 18

lung edema

Question 19

Posterior deviation of esophagus on the x-ray film testifies to _____

Answer 19

enlargement of left atrium

Question 20

What is NOT a part of atheroma

Answer 20

siderohages

Question 21

Migratory arthritis is typical manifestation of which disease?

Answer 21

rheumatic fever

Question 22

What is the best term describing the compensatory reaction of the left atrial myocardium in mitral stenosis

Answer 22

eccentric hypertrophy

Question 23

Ortopnea means the development of dyspnea in congestive heart failure in which change of patient’s position?

Answer 23

change from standing to lying position

Question 24

Prinzmetal’s angina means the obstruction of coronary artery because of ____

Answer 24

spasm

Question 25

Onion-skinning” is typically accompanied by which pathology?

Answer 25

necrotizing arteriolitis

Question 26

Pathogenesis of which disease is known as “the molecular mimicry”?

Answer 26

rheumatic fever

Question 27

Pulmonary artery stenosis develops in which disease?

Answer 27

pulmonary artery is not involve in all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is associated with right-sided cardiac failure?

Answer 28

plural effusion

Question 29

Cor pulmonale is NOT associated with ____

Answer 29

all of the above are typical for cor pulmonale

Question 30

Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following diseases except _____

Answer 30

bronchiectasis

Question 31

Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following diseases except _____

Answer 31

lung emphysema

Question 32

Which pathology may often be complicated by venous infarction?

Answer 32

paraesophgeal hernia

Question 33

Smoking compromises which component of the stomach mucous barrier?

Answer 33

mucosal blood flow

Question 34

Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by which of the following?

Answer 34

esophageal rupture

Question 35

Helicobacter pylori is found in *____ patients with duodenal peptic ulcer and in ** _____ of ones with stomach peptic ulcer

Answer 35

*100%;**70%

Question 36

Which disease develops most commonly in alcoholics?

Answer 36

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 37

What is NOT correct for gastrinomas?

Answer 37

do not metastasize

Question 38

Which disease is considered the major cause of esophageal varices?

Answer 38

liver cirrhosis

Question 39

Aspirin leads to gastrointestinal side-effects by suppression of which component of the mucous barrier?

Answer 39

elaboration of prostaglandins

Question 40

Traction diverticulum results from ______

Answer 40

mediastinal lymphadenitis

Question 41

Which disorder is known to develop multiple peptic ulcers?

Answer 41

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 42

Chagas disease is associated with development of which pathology?

Answer 42

achalasia

Question 43

Metaplasia in Barrett esophagus is characterized by replacement of _____ epithelial cells to _____ epithelial cells

Answer 43

squamous / columnar

Question 44

Which disease could result in ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 44

subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 45

In nephritic syndrome there is a selective increase of glomerular permeability of which of the following?

Answer 45

red blood cells

Question 46

Which of the following is the most common glomerular disease?

Answer 46

IgA nephropathy

Question 47

In nephritic syndrome, which substance eventually resulting in hypertension is secreted primarily?

Answer 47

renin

Question 48

In crescentic glomerulonephritis the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?

Answer 48

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells

Question 49

During regular annual exam of a symptom free patient the high blood level of creatinine was found. Which term describes this abnormality best?

Answer 49

azotemia

Question 50

In Heymann’s nephritis, in which layer of the glomerular arteriole wall will the immune complexes be formed or deposited?

Answer 50

space between podocytes and glomerular basement membrane

Question 51

A characteristic sign of nephritic syndrome is _____

Answer 51

azotemia

Question 52

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?

Answer 52

ball like depositions within the mesangium

Question 53

Which organ(s) is (are) NOT involved in polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 53

lungs

Question 54

Which of the following diseases more often predisposes to development of pyelonephritis

Answer 54

acute cystitis

Question 55

What is NOT typical for stomach ulcer?

Answer 55

tendency to be multiple

Question 56

What is NOT a complication of duodenal peptic ulcer?

Answer 56

malignancy

Question 57

esophageal diverticulum near midpoint of the | esophagus

Answer 57

traction diverticulum

Question 58

esophageal diverticulum near upper | esophagus

Answer 58

zenker diverticulum

Question 59

azotemia

Answer 59

increased BUN blood urea nitrogen increased creatine decrease GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

Question 60

uremia

Answer 60

azotemia+ combo of clinical signs and

Question 61

glomerular involvement

Answer 61

almost always autoimmune

Question 62

Diseases of the interstitial tissue or tubules

Answer 62

almost always infection or intoxication

Question 63

Juxtaglomerular Cells “Security”

Answer 63

- produce renin - control blood pressure in afferent arteriole - Angiotensin II