Multiple Choice Questions 2

Question 1

What is the largest reservoir of liquid freshwater on Earth?

Answer 1

glaciers and ice caps

Question 2

Where does the majority of water for public supply come from?

Answer 2

streams

Question 3

Which sector accounts for the largest surface water usage?

Answer 3

have no clue

Question 4

Which sector accounts for the largest groundwater usage?

Answer 4

agriculture/irrigation

Question 5

Which of the following is the proper water input/output balance to form a salt lake?

Answer 5

P + R = E

Question 6

Where is most groundwater stored?

Answer 6

pore spaces between sediment grains

Question 7

Which of the following minerals would have low porosity and low permeability?

Answer 7

clay

Question 8

Which area of the United States is an example of groundwater mining driven by heavy agricultural use?

Answer 8

High Plains/Midwest

Question 9

What important ecological function does lake overturn serve?

Answer 9

prevents bottom from becoming anoxic

Question 10

What is the name of the zone in which groundwater interactions with stream water?

Answer 10

hyporheic zone

Question 11

What is the primary natural hazard on leading-edge shorelines?

Answer 11

mass wasting

Question 12

What type of tides does most of the Gulf of Mexico experience?

Answer 12

diurnal

Question 13

What phenomenon results in the largest changes to shorelines and barrier islands?

Answer 13

tropical storms/hurricanes

Question 14

What type of system operates on the Gulf of Mexico shoreline?

Answer 14

wave-dominated

Question 15

What is the “fuel” that drives large tropical storms and hurricanes?

Answer 15

warm ocean water

Question 16

Which of the following hazards are associated with tropical storms and hurricanes?

Answer 16

high wind, inland flooding, storm surge

Question 17

What type of sedimentary deposits form on barrier islands during large storms?

Answer 17

washover fans

Question 18

What type of engineered structure is primarily used to halt longshore drift?

Answer 18

groins

Question 19

What energy source is responsible for transporting and shaping aeolian dunes?

Answer 19

winds

Question 20

What type of system operates on the Georgia coast?

Answer 20

tide-dominated

Question 21

Which of the following drive sediment transport and landscape change on the coast?

Answer 21

waves, tides, currents, winds

Question 22

What type of motion do particles in ocean waves follow?

Answer 22

circular

Question 23

What is the energy source for most ocean waves?

Answer 23

winds

Question 24

What phenomenon causes temporary sea level rise during large storms?

Answer 24

storm surge

Question 25

What is the primary hazard (and source of damage) during Hurricane Harvey?

Answer 25

high precipitation

Question 26

What is the source for most of the salts in the oceans?

Answer 26

chemically weathered rocks

Question 27

Which of these is are a significant driver of surface currents in the oceans?

Answer 27

atmospheric pressure variations, rotation of the Earth, and winds

Question 28

What is the most significant energy input at Earth's surface?

Answer 28

insolation

Question 29

Which of the following materials has the highest Albedo?

Answer 29

fresh snow

Question 30

Which of the following materials has the lowest Albedo?

Answer 30

seawater

Question 31

Which of the following are fundamental properties of the Coriolis effect?

Answer 31

effects increase in proportion to wind speed, causes deflection to the right in the northern hemisphere, and effect is zero at the equator

Question 32

What is the significance of a surface convergence in the general atmosphere circulation model?

Answer 32

creates favorable conditions for hurricanes

Question 33

In which layer of the atmosphere does the temperature increase due to heating of ozone by ultraviolet radiation?

Answer 33

stratosphere

Question 34

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

Answer 34

nitrogen

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the magnitude of the Coriolis effect?

Answer 35

proportional to wind speed

Question 36

In which atmospheric layer does nearly all of the circulation occur that drives our weather?

Answer 36

troposphere

Question 37

What type of moraines mark the retreat of a glacier?

Answer 37

recessional

Question 38

What type of rocks host the mineralized (hydrothermally altered) zone in the Cordillera Blanca?

Answer 38

Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks

Question 39

What is the source of acidity in some surface waters in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru?

Answer 39

mineralized rocks exposed by deglaciation

Question 40

When was the Last Glacial Maximum?

Answer 40

20 ka

Question 41

Which of the following refers to the change in shape of Earth's orbit every 100 ka?

Answer 41

eccentricity

Question 42

What is the average duration of Earth's precession cycle?

Answer 42

26 ka

Question 43

What would you expect the climate to be like if eccentricity, obliquity, and precession all reduce summer isolation?

Answer 43

ice age

Question 44

Which of the following is the most abundance greenhouse gas?

Answer 44

H2O

Question 45

Why is CO2 the greenhouse gas of most significance to climate change?

Answer 45

long resistance time

Question 46

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru?

Answer 46

highest concentration of tropical glaciers, flat slab subduction, and rapid deglaciation in last few decades