Multiple choice questions and answers Flashcards

Exam (28 cards)

1
Q

What are the 4 steps of the four-phase model of hostage negotiation?

A

Establishing initial dialogue, building rapport, influencing, surrender

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2
Q

The modern connotation of the police force began in the UK in 1829 with what Act?

A

Peel’s Metropolitan Police Act

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3
Q

What is strongly linked with the reduction of stress in Police after a critical incident?

A

Having a supportive work environment.

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4
Q

What are the steps of the FBI-style profiling process?

A

Profiling inputs, crime scene classification, crime scene reconstruction, profile generation

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5
Q

What is the definition of matching the assumption in criminal profiling

A

there is a simple matching between a characteristic of the offence and the characteristic of an offender

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6
Q

Define Criminal Profiling

A

Investigative method which uses information from the crime scene and more to develop a social, behavioural and, possible, physical description of the offender.

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7
Q

When administering a polygraph, you ask a question unrelated to the crime, that is designed to elicit an emotional reaction, and then you ask a question directly relevant to the crime. What kind of technique is this?

A

Control Question Technique

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8
Q

What is a directed lie test

A

Tries to detect lying by comparing physiological responses when the subject is told to deliberately lie to responses when they tell the truth

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9
Q

Relevant/Irrelevant question technique

A

Simply relevant and irrelevant questions - if lying, then irrelevant questions should arouse

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10
Q

Guilty Knowledge test

A

This test compares physiological responses to multiple-choice types questions about the crime, one choice o which contains information only the crime investigators and the criminal would know about.

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11
Q

In the DSM-V, what is the closest diagnosis to Psychopathy?

A

Antisocial personality disorder

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12
Q
Compared to other offenders, is violence committed by psychopaths more:
Instrumental
Reactive
Severe
or Voluntary?
A

Instrumental: Psychopaths are more proactive, or predatory, in their violent behaviour

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13
Q

To be confident in an eyewitness identification, how long should the identification ideally take?

A

Less than 10-12 seconds

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14
Q

What is the definition of Doli Incapax?

A

A presumption that children below a certain age actually are incapable of being evil

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15
Q

Define Actus Reus

A

The requirement that the prosecution show a crime has indeed been committed, and that the accused was the person who committed the crime

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16
Q

Define Mens Rea

A

The requirement that the accused actually understood that what they did was wrong or that they behaves recklessly

17
Q

Diminished responsibility

A

The principle that although the defendant broke the law, they are not criminally liable since their mental functioning was impaired in some way

18
Q

What is the field of expertise rule in the Australian rules of expert testimony?

A

Experts cannot testify on areas that are not part of a formal sphere of knowledge or profession

19
Q

What is the Common Knowledge rule?

A

Experts may not give evidence about the matters of common knowledge about which the trier of fact does no need or would not be helped by expert opinion

20
Q

Ultimate Issue Rule

A

The expert may not give evidence on the ultimate issue (i.e. whether the accused is innocent or guilty)

21
Q

Expertise Rule

A

The expert must be an expert in his or her respective field, but not necessarily the leading authority

22
Q

What have researchers found regarding juror’s abilities to understand the judge’s instructions?

A

Many jurors are unable to understand the judge’s instructions

23
Q

Does attractiveness affect the perception of guilt?

A

Yes

Defendant attractiveness decreases guilty ratings more strongly for stalking crimes than burglary

24
Q

What strategies can be used to increase persuasiveness in an argument?

A

Vivid language
Repetition
Loaded questions

25
What does signal detections theory suggest about deciding on the guilt of a person accused of a serious crime?
That the standard of evidence is lowered compared to a less serious crime
26
What strategies did Towl (1996) suggest can be used to help deal with the potential problem of suicide in prison?
Try to avoid the negative consequences for prisoners who report suicidal thoughts to staff Reduce the number of remand prisoners Enable staff to assist prisoners with suicidal thoughts
27
In the USA and many other societies, the crimes recorded by the police are overwhelmingly known as what?
Property Crimes | Burglary is classified as a property crime
28
Rates of reporting crime are highest for burglary in virtually all countries. What may be the main reason for this?
Because insurer's require that the crime is reported to the police if an insurance payment is to be made