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Muscle Flashcards

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1
Q

What the type of muscles in body?

A

Skeletal 40% and smooth + cardiac 10%

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2
Q

What are the muscle properties?

A 
CEEE
C- Contract
E - Elastic
E - Extend
E- excited
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3
Q

What are the connective tissue component of a muscle?

A
  • Epimysium
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium
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4
Q

How are muscle fiber made?

A

Myofilament -> Myofibril -> Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Whats an example of muscle fiber?

A

Myocyte

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6
Q

Whats muscle cell membrane called?

A

Sacrollemma

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7
Q

Whats a cytoplasm of muscle called?

A

Sacroplasm

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8
Q

What is a tubule unique to muscle cell?

A

T tubule

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9
Q

What NMJ?

A

Neuromusculer junction= in perimysium

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10
Q

What the meeting point tendon and muscle?

A

myotendinous junction

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11
Q

Whats muscle ER called?

A

sacroplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

How are skeletal muscles formed?

A

mesodermal germ layer –> myoblast –> myotube (myogensis) –> myocyte (differentiation)

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13
Q

What help in regeneration?

A

satellite cell

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14
Q

What are 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Slow oxidative, fast glycolytic oxidative & fast glycolytic.

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15
Q

What of 3 types of skeletal muscle fiber has fewest mitochondria?

A

Fast glycolytic

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16
Q

True or false- fast glycolytic oxidative is the only one that undergoes anaerobic metabolism.

A

False- so does fast glycolytic oxidative.

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17
Q

Put skeletal muscle in order of smallest- largest diameter.

A

Slow oxidative, fast glycolytic oxidative & fast glycolytic

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18
Q

Which is most strongest skeletal muscle?

A

fast glycolytic

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19
Q

True or false- slow oxidative have little capillary blood supply.

A

False- it has most blood capillaries

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20
Q

Where is slow oxidative found?

A

back

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21
Q

Where is fast glycolytic oxidative found?

A

legs

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22
Q

Where is fast glycolytic found?

A

limb digits

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23
Q

What are the 2 filaments involved in muscle?

A

Thick + thin

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24
Q

Whats thick filament?

A

myosin

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25
What is the composition of myosin
2 heavy (tail) + 4 light (head) + neck hinge
26
True or false- myosin is in charge of contraction.
True
27
True or false- myosin tail attaches to other myosin.
True
28
Whats in thin filament?
Actin, troponin and tropomyosin.
29
Where is tropomyosin?
Around actin.
30
What do tropomyosin do at rest and at contraction?
rest: bind at actin in myosin binding site. Contraction: move away from myosin binding site.
31
What are the tropnins?
T: tropomyosin- bind tropomyosin to actin I: inhibitor- inhibit actin + myosin C: calcium- calcium binds to it allow contraction.
32
How to check myocardial infraction?
CKMB (most specific) & cardiac troponin 1 (most specific)
33
What are the cytoskeletal proteins involved in architecture of myofibril?
Actinin: bind actin to z disc titin: bind myosin via string dystrophin: anchors to cytoskeleton nebullin: extend actin
34
What does lack of dystrophin do?
muscle dystrophy- sacrollema doesnt attach to cytoskeleton | Causes respiratory failure + muscle wasting
35
True or false- skeletal muscle have striations.
True
36
Is skeletal muscle a triad or diad?
Triad
37
What 3 elements cause contraction?
SR + transverse tubular system + calcium
38
Whats structure of triad and diad?
triad: 2 SR + 2 terminal cisternae diad: 1 SR + terminal cisternae
39
True or false- t tubular carries AP
True
40
True or false- diad is at AI junction and triad at z junction
False- diad at z and triad at AI
41
How is calcium released in ECC?
- AP is carried along NMJ - ACh released in synaptic cleft - Bind to Na channel- depolarizes sacrolemma - conformation change - calcium channel activated- depolarize t tubules - Calcium binds to troponin c
42
What is stages of contractile cycle?
1. attachment 2. release 3. bending 4. force generation 5. reattachment
43
Whats attachment in CC?
Rigor configuration- actin and myosin bind.
44
Whats release in CC?
ATP bind to myosin Affinity of actin site to myosin changes (lower) conformation of actin Myosin releases
45
Whats bending in CC?
- Myosin head advances - ATP becomes ADP and attaches to myosin - bending
46
Whats force generstion in CC?
- Phosphate changes affinity of actin + myosin - affinity increase - powerstroke = unbent - ADP lost - Myosin bind
47
Whats myasthenia gravis?
Antibodies see that ACh is foreign- NMJ is messed up.
48
What is symptom of myasthenia gravis?
Limb + respiratory + ocular.
49
What is treatment of myasthenia?
immunosuppressive drug, ACh inhibitor and thyrectomy
50
what is the cell in the heart?
Contractile cell
51
What junctions are there in heart?
G intercalated disc/gap junction
52
Is heart triad or diad?
diad
53
True or false- calcium in myocardial cell triggers more release from SR
True
54
Whats hypertrophic cardiomypathy?
Mutation in myosin heavy chain- growth in heart. - SCD - Prone to arrhythmia
55
True or false- smooth has no stiriation
True
56
True or false- skeletal has dense bodies
false- smooth
57
True or false- skeletal has dense bodies
false- smooth
58
What are the types of smooth muscle?
Multiunit= no coupling or electricity or space | Unitary=gap junction + electricity
59
What is an example of multiunit muscle?
iris + vas defrens
60
What is an example of unitary muscle?
uterer + uterus + bladder
61
True or false- contraction of skeletal + cardiac is the same
True both use Ca2+
62
How is contraction different in smooth muscle?
- ECC | - Has calmodium not troponin
63
What 3 factors allow contraction in smooth muscle?
- Depolarization (normal contraction) - Hormone - Neurotransmitter
64
How does depolarization control smooth muscle contraction?
Depolarization --> vgcc open --> ca induced ca release from SR --> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM --> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) --> use ATP --> myosin + actin
65
How do hormones control smooth muscle contraction?
ligand gated channel --> ca induced ca release from SR --> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM --> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) --> use ATP --> myosin + actin
66
How do neurotransmitter control smooth muscle contraction?
IP3 --> ca release from SR --> calcium rise and bind to CALMODIUM --> myosin light chain kinase reaction (contraction) --> use ATP --> myosin + actin
67
Whats the difference between myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphate?
Kinase: cross bridge phosphate: no cross bridge
68
True or false- SR in triad is more complex than diad
True
69
True or false- cardiac and smooth arent multinucleated
True
70
True or false- smooth has T tubules.
False- cardiac + skeletal
71
True or false- skeletal has junction
false- cardiac- intercalated and smooth- gap
72
True or false-Calcium in skeletal is in terminal cisternae and in cardiac its in extracellular
true
73
True or false- Cardiac is the only one that can regenerate
False- CANT
74
True or false- smooth muscles undergo mitosis
true
75
What is O2 debt?
exercise= more blood= more dilation= more oxygen= more energy At one point its not enough- phosphylcreatine make ATP + lactate Lactate stop enzyme that control pH Myoglobin used O2 then collected later and gets rid of lactate
76
What is O2 debt?
- exercise= more blood= more dilation= more oxygen= more energy - At one point its not enough- phosphylcreatine make ATP + lactate - Lactate stop enzyme that control pH - Myoglobin used - O2 then collected later and gets rid of lactate

Foundation concepts (9 decks)

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