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TOB II > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of muscle is non striated?

A

Smooth muscle

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2
Q

Which type of muscle is striated?

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

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3
Q

Which muscle type has peripheral nuclei?

A

Skeletal

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4
Q

How is skeletal muscle developed?

A

Mesoderm derived myogenic stem cells give rise to myoblasts

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of Skeletal muscle fibres?

A

Red
White
Intermediate

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6
Q

What is the structure of Red skeletal muscle fibres?

A

Small diameter
Rich vascularization
Tire slowly
Lots of mitochondria

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7
Q

What is the structure of White skeletal fibres?

A

Large diameter
Poor vascularisation
Few mitochondria
Tire quickly

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8
Q

What are the shapes of muscles?

A 
Circular
Convergent
Parallel
Unipennate
Multipennate
Fusiform
Bipennate
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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of skeletal muscle?

A

Endomysium (inner)
Perimysium (middle)
Epimysium (outer)

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10
Q

What 3 molecules form thin filaments of skeletal and cardiac muscles?

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

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11
Q

Where is the nuclei in cardiac muscle?

A

Central

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12
Q

How are the T tubules in Cardiac muscles different to those in the Skeletal muscle?

A

T tubules lie in register with the Z bands and not the A-I band junction

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13
Q

What are Purkinje fibres?

A

Specialised myocardial cells that carry impulses from the SA node to the ventricular muscle

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14
Q

What is the structure of Purkinje fibres?

A

Large cells with abundant glycogen, sparse myofilaments, extensive gap junctions

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15
Q

What do Smooth muscle cells lack?

A

No sarcomeres or T tubules

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16
Q

What are Myoepithelial cells?

A

Modified smooth muscle cell to form a basketwork around the secretory units of some exocrine glands eg sweat glands

17
Q

What are Myofibroblasts?

A

Modified smooth muscle cells at sites of wound healing. The produce collagenous matrix but also contract.

18
Q

What innervates most smooth muscle?

A

The ANS

19
Q

Can skeletal muscle regenerate?

A

Cells cannot divide, but can regenerate by mitotic activity of satellite cells - hyperplasia.

20
Q

Can cardiac muscle regenerate?

A

No. Fibroblasts invade after damage, divide and lay down scar tissue

21
Q

Can smooth muscle regenerate?

A

Cells retain their mitotic activity so can form new smooth muscle cells. eg Uterus wall during pregnancy - hypertrophy and hyperplasia

TOB II (15 decks)

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