Muscle histology -Renyolds

Question 1

responds to stimuli (muscle characteristic)

Answer 1

excitable

Question 2

shortens with force (muscle characteristic)

Answer 2

contractible

Question 3

can be stretched (muscle characteristic)

Answer 3

extensible

Question 4

can recoil to original length (muscle characteristic)

Answer 4

elastic

Question 5

types of muscles with striations

Answer 5

skeletal and cardiac

Question 6

type of muscle with long cylindrical shaped (multinucleated) muscle fibers

Answer 6

skeletal

Question 7

type of muscle with branched, anastomosing fibers

Answer 7

cardiac

Question 8

type of muscle with fusiform fibers

Answer 8

smooth

Question 9

type of muscle with intercalated disks

Answer 9

cardiac

Question 10

gap junctions are present in what type of muscle

Answer 10

smooth

Question 11

muscle with voluntary control

Answer 11

skeletal

Question 12

muscles with involuntary control

Answer 12

cardiac and smooth

Question 13

characteristics of nuclei in skeletal muscle

Answer 13

multinucleated, peripheral

Question 14

characteristics of nuclei in cardiac muscle

Answer 14

mono/dinucleated in center

Question 15

characteristics of nuclei in smooth muscle

Answer 15

single, central

Question 16

which muscles have t tubules

Answer 16

skeletal and cardiac

Question 17

which muscle has a sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

all very developed in skeletal muscle less developed in cardiac poorly developed in smooth

Question 18

which muscle cells regenerate

Answer 18

skeletal (satellite cells) and smooth (mitosis)

Question 19

how do muscle cells contract

Answer 19

nerve action potential

Question 20

which muscle types spontaneously contract

Answer 20

cardiac (pacemaker) and smooth

Question 21

function of skeletal muscle

Answer 21

move the body

Question 22

function of cardiac muscle

Answer 22

contract heart to propel blood through body

Question 23

function of smooth muscle

Answer 23

compression of organs, ducts, tubes

Question 24

list the order of skeletal muscle organization from smallest to largest

Answer 24

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fiber = myocyte = myofiber, fasicle, muscle

Question 25

explain neuronal input to contract skeletal muscle cells

Answer 25

ach is released form mn, binds to receptors on sarcolemma AS reaches t tubule SR releases ca action potential exposure, cross bridge contraction begins

Question 26

explain neuronal input when skeletal muscle cells are relaxed

Answer 26

ach is removed by ache SR recaptures CA AS recovered, no cross bridge interaction contraction ends

Question 27

T/F. sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways can influence smooth muscle

Answer 27

true.

Question 28

epimysium

Answer 28

CT sheath that goes around the entire muscle

Question 29

perimysium

Answer 29

structure that surrounds individual fasicles

Question 30

endomysium

Answer 30

CT bt each muscle cell

Question 31

what is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle cell

Answer 31

sarcomere

Question 32

T/F. endomysium in cardiac muscle cells is thinner than skeletal muscle cells

Answer 32

false. its thicker

Question 33

components of triad

Answer 33

t tubule, 2 dilated portions of cisternae

Question 34

components of thin filaments of myofibrils

Answer 34

actin, troponin, tropomyosin

Question 35

explain the relationship between actin, toponin, and tropomyosin

Answer 35

troponin will bind calcium after receiving an action potential and there is a conformational change. Tropomysin will move out of the way, freeing active sites so that actin can bind to myosin = muscle contraction

Question 36

pericytes

Answer 36

found around capillaries pre cap shphincters small contractile unit

Question 37

which neurons controls skeletal muscles

Answer 37

motor neurons

Question 38

* Aerobic Type I Red fibers * Anaerobic Type II * Intermediate fibers

Answer 38

* Aerobic Type I Red fibers (deeply stained): * Small, slow-twitch fibers; * fatigue slowly; * abundant mitochondria and myoglobin, * generate less tension * Anaerobic Type II White fibers (lightly stained): * Large, fast-twitch fibers; * fatigue rapidly; * lots of glycogen, * generate more tension * Intermediate fibers (intermediate stain): * Intermediate diameter, speed, tension

Question 39

which muscle has uninucleated

Answer 39

smooth

Question 40

Can you order these terms from smallest to largest? * Muscle * Myofibril * Myofilaments * Fascicle * Myofiber

Answer 40

Myofilaments(actin and myosin) --\> Myofibril --\> myofiber --\> fascicle --\>Muscle

Question 41

Endomysial fibrosis

Answer 41

too many fibers in neighboring cels nuceli no longer on the peripheral (clinical note)

Question 42

Dystrophin

Answer 42

endomysium breaking down attachments between muscle cells are breaking down muscles don't work normally

Question 43

troponin

Answer 43

molecule that will bind ca tropomyosin undegoes conformational change

Question 44

myofibril thick filaments are made of

Answer 44

myosin

Question 45

what is present in the intercalated disK?

Answer 45

all junction types

Question 46

which muscles are regenerative?

Answer 46

smooth and skeletal (satellite) cardiac= not regenerative

Question 47

thickening of smooth mucle layer

Answer 47

clinical note hypertrophy and hyperplasia airways plugged by cell debris and mucus

Question 48

Smooth mucle contranction

Answer 48

* no SR to relase Ca * Ca from extracellular space * Ca binds to CALMODULIN