Muscle Injuries in Sports Flashcards
(56 cards)
Muscle injuries in sports medicine
Most common, misunderstood + inadequately treated conditions
Muscle injuries account for what percentage of all injuries in sport
10-30%
Muscle injuries often occur during
Sport or training
Over 90% caused more often by indirect trauma (overloading) OR by direct trauma (impact)
What strains were most common injury occurence
PTM
What is most common muscle injury in track and field
Hamstrings- 20.4%
Followed by quads, then gastrocnemius calf injuries- depends on sport though
Which hamstring makes up 75% of the hamstring injuries
Biceps femoris
How much more likely are men to sustain a hamstring strain than women
64%
Men had significantly higher rates of hamstring strains than women during both games and practices
Hamstring injuries preseason
No differences between men and women
BUT men significantly more likely to sustain strain during in-season
Epidemiologically, muscles have been…
Increasing over the last 12 years despite assessing RFs and applying prevention controls
Depending on leg position and relationship to the ground, the hamstring can serve as a
Hip extensor
Knee flexor
External rotator of hip and knee
Short head of the biceps femoris innervation
Common peroneal nerve
Long head of the biceps femoris innervation
Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
Hypothesis of discordant contraction in biceps femoris
Due to dual innervation
Can lead to injury
Two different types of acute hamstring strains
Most common injury type occurring during high-speed running
Other occurs during movements leading to extensive lengthening- e.g. high kicking, sliding tackle and sagittal split
High-speed running hamstring injury
Mainly located on long head of biceps femoris
Typically involves the proximal muscle-tendon junction
Extended lengthening hamstring injury
Stretching-type
Located close to the ischial tuberosity
Typically involves tendon tissue of the semimembranosus
High-speed running hamstring injury vs stretching type
Running one cause a more marked acute functional impairment
BUT requires a shorter rehab compared to stretching
Rule of thumb- the closer to the ischial tuberosity, the longer the rehab
Injury location hamstring
Determined both by maximal pain upon palpation by MRI during the first 2 weeks after injury occurrence
High speed running hamstring injury rehab
Common for athlete to experience a considerable improvement 4-6 days after the injury has happened, especially with respect to pain, strength and flexibility
BUT healing only at initial stage here and risk of re-injury evident, since injured tissue less able to absorb energy
Stretching type hamstring injury rehab
Important to inform the athlete that the rehabilitation period is likely to be prolonged, even though the initial symptoms are relatively mild in terms of pain and functional impairment
The athlete can undergo demanding rehabilitation training early on, as long as pain-provoking exercises are avoided. Passive stretching and heavy load exercises appear to provoke the stretching-type of injuries by increasing pain
Hamstring injuries definition
Acute Non-Contact Posterior Thigh Muscle injuries, with all the athletes reporting an incidence during training or competition, either structural or functional, presented with the Musculoskeletal triad, leading to a time loss more than a day
Muscle injury grading 2014
Classification based on extent (grades 0-4) site (a, b or c) of injury
Site of injury is determined as myofascial (a), muscular/musculotendinous (b), or intratendinous (c)
Extent of injury is determined by MRI features of the muscle injury
The first MR study that described findings with poor prognosis of muscle injury evaluated 14 patients and found that
muscle rupture and retraction, haemorrhage, ganglion-like fluid collections, and greater than 50% cross-sectional involvement were associated with convalescent periods of more than 6 weeks
MRI imaging often reserved for
The more severe injuries where a rupture is suspected
