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musculoskeletal anatomy > muscle structure and function > Flashcards

muscle structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

muscle function

A

posture, stabilization, movement

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2
Q

aggregate muscle

A

multiple muscle fibers together

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3
Q

muscles are usually named due to (3)

A

appearance, location, function

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4
Q

muscle grouping is based off

A

action they have to accomplish

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5
Q

why is it important for muscles to have different shapes and fiber arrangements

A

counteract resulting forces

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6
Q

cross section diamerer

A

width, wider muscle bigger force

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7
Q

2 major types of fiber arrangement

A

parallel, pennate

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8
Q

parallel fiber arrangements (5)

A

flat, fusiform, strap, radiate, sphincter

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9
Q

example flat muscle

A

rectus abdominus

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10
Q

example fusiform muscle

A

bicep

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11
Q

example strap muscle

A

neck

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12
Q

example radiate (convergent) muscle

A

pec major

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13
Q

example sphincter muscle

A

around eye

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14
Q

pennate muscle (3)

A

uni, bi, multi

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15
Q

unipennate muscle example

A

thumb

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16
Q

bipennate muscle example

A

quad muscles, calves

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17
Q

multipennate muscle example

A

deltoid

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18
Q

irritability or excitability

A

reaction, responding to stimulus

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19
Q

contractility

A

forcefully shorten

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20
Q

extensibility

A

lengthen without activation

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21
Q

elasticity

A

expand and return back to normal length

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22
Q

intrinsic muscle

A

tiny muscles, often not worked, resides where movement occurs

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23
Q

extrinsic muscle resides

A

proximal to the spot that moves

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24
Q

innervation

A

nerve route connected to muscle

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25
Q

gaster

A

muscle body

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26
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

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27
Q

special CT where tendon inserts onto bone

A

aponeurosis

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28
Q

fascia

A

holds fibers together

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29
Q

fascia retinaculum

A

special fascia, extrinsic, holds down tendons

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30
Q

muscle origin

A

proximal

31
Q

muscle insertion

A

distal

32
Q

isometric

A

no movement, hold contraction

33
Q

isotonic

A

movement, contracting and relaxing muscle

34
Q

isotonic types

A

concentric, eccentric

35
Q

concentric contraction ___ gravity

A

against

36
Q

eccentric contraction __ gravity

A

with

37
Q

do eccentric or concentric contractions handle more force

A

eccentric

38
Q

isokinetics

A

isotonic, device controls speed

39
Q

agonist muscle

A

prime mover, assisters

40
Q

example of agonist

A

bicep assisted by brachial, brachioradialis

41
Q

antagonist muscle

A

muscle on the other side

42
Q

example of antagonist muscle

A

tricep to bicep

43
Q

stabilizers

A

support other muscles

44
Q

stabilizer example

A

rotator cuff

45
Q

syngergist

A

assist and nullify, work together to produce movement

46
Q

neutralizers

A

counteract or neutralize, stop movement

47
Q

force couples can result in

A

more efficient movement

48
Q

actions performed depends on (4)

A

motor units activated, joint position, muscle length, relative contraction/relaxation of other muscles acting on the joint

49
Q

reversal of muscle function

A

a muscle group described to perform a given function can contract to control the exact opposite movement

50
Q

what neuron causes muscle contraction

A

somatic motor neuron

51
Q

PNS is divided into ___ and ___ division

A

sensory, motor

52
Q

neuromuscular concepts: collection of ___ determine ___

A

inputs, what will happen

53
Q

muscle spindles amount and rate of stretch ___ contraction

A

increase

54
Q

GTO muscle tension and active ____= ____ which leads to relaxation

A

tension, contraction protection, relaxation

55
Q

all or nothing principle

A

contraction occurs at the muscle fiber level within a particular motor unit

56
Q

all or nothing principle

A

contraction occurs at the muscle fiber level within a particular motor unit; if nerve fiber is stimulated all muscle fibers associated with it will be recruited

57
Q

number of muscle fibers recruited=

A

motor units

58
Q

how do we increase the number of muscle fibers recruited

A

bigger stimulus

59
Q

summation

A

successive stimuli added together to provide strong contraction

60
Q

fusion of all contractions to produce continuous contraction

A

tetanus

61
Q

maximal ability of a muscle to develop tension and exert force varies depending on the

A

length of muscle during contraction

62
Q

greatest amount of tension can be developed when muscle is

A

stretched

63
Q

optimal contraction length is around _____% of resting length

A

50-60

64
Q

___ relationship between concentric velocity and force production

A

inverse

65
Q

angle of pull

A

angle between the line of pull of the muscle and the bone on which it inserts

66
Q

rotary component

A

component of muscular force that acts perpendicular to long axis of bone

67
Q

twork

A

force x distance

68
Q

uniarticular muscles

A

cross and act directly only on the joint they cross, most force

69
Q

biarticular muscles

A

two advantages over uniarticular muscles

70
Q

PNF stretching/reciprocal inhibition

A

contracting agonist to stretch antagonist further

71
Q

as muscle shortens, its ability to exert force ___

A

diminishes

72
Q

active insufficiency example exercise

A

bicep curls high up with cable

73
Q

passive insufficiency

A

position to stretch

musculoskeletal anatomy (13 decks)

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