Muscles 1

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

Muscle doesn’t __________

Answer 2

Push!

Question 3

Why does muscle action occur

Answer 3

Muscles get shorter

Question 4

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 4

Large body muscles responsible for movement, attached to the skeleton

Striated muscle cells: banded appearance
DO NOT DIVIDE (replenished from satellite stem cells)

Question 5

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 5

Produce skeletal movement
Maintain posture and body position
Support soft tissues
Guard entrances and exits of digestive and urinary tracts
Maintain body temp
Store proteins

Question 6

What does skeletal muscle contain

Answer 6

Muscle cells (fibers)
Connective tissues
Nerves
Blood vessels

Question 7

Muscles are surrounded by a ___________

Answer 7

Fascia (epimysium)

Question 8

What is the Fascia/ Epimysium

Answer 8

A band or sheet of collagen-based connective tissues that attaches, stabilizes, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs

Question 9

What is the function of muscular vascular systems

Answer 9

Supply large amounts of oxygen
Supply nurtients
Carry away wastes

Question 10

What type of muscles are skeletal muscles and what are they controlled by

Answer 10

Voluntary muscles
Neves of the CNS

Question 11

What is the hierarchy of muscle anatomy

Answer 11

Surface: Epimysium
Second Layer: Perimysium
Third Layer: Endomysium

Question 12

What does the Epimysium contain

Answer 12

Muscle fascicles

Question 13

What does the perimysium contain

Answer 13

Muscle fibers

Question 14

What does the endomysium contain

Answer 14

Myofibrils

Question 15

What is the function of the perimysium

Answer 15

Surrounds muscle fiber bundles
Contains blood vessels and nerve supply to fascicles

Question 16

What is the function of the endymysium

Answer 16

surrounds muscle cells
Contains capillaries and nerve fibers contacting muscle cells
Contains myosatellite cells that repair damage

Question 17

What do the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium come together to create

Answer 17

Tendon (bundle)

Question 18

How do myocytes become multinucleate

Answer 18

Fusion of individual mesodermal myoblasts

Question 19

What is the sarcolemma

Answer 19

Cell membrane of a muscle fiber/myocyte

Question 20

Myocytes are packed with ________

Answer 20

Myofibrils

Question 21

What are myofibrils composed of

Answer 21

Thin filaments composed of actin
Thick filaments composed of myosin and titin (elastic filament)

Question 22

Where are myofibrils anchored

Answer 22

The inner surface of the sarcolemma

Question 23

What do the thick and thin filament myofibrils do in myocytes

Answer 23

Lengthen and shorten

Question 24

How does a myocyte coordinate contraction along its length

Answer 24

T tubules that aid in the conduction of action potentials across the muscle

Question 25

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

A network of tubules that forms around myofibrils

Question 26

What are sarcomeres

Answer 26

Contractile units of muscle Form the striped/ striated pattern within myofibrils

Question 27

Sarcomeres contain:

Answer 27

Thick filaments (myosin) Thin filaments (actin) Proteins that stabilize position of filaments (titin) Proteins that regulate the interaction of filaments

Question 28

What causes muscle striations

Answer 28

Alternating dark thick filaments and light thin filaments

Question 29

What are A bands

Answer 29

Dark thick filaments (myosin)

Question 30

What are I bands

Answer 30

Light, thin filaments (actin)

Question 31

How does movement occur in regards to filaments

Answer 31

The thick filaments bind to thin filaments, pivot, and shorten the thin filaments

Question 32

What is tropomyosin

Answer 32

Covers the active sites of G-actin and prevents actin-myosin interaction

Question 33

What are the three subunits of troponin

Answer 33

1. Binds the tropomyosin molecules together to form the troponin-tropomyosin complex 2. binds the TTC complex to G-actin 3. Has calcium ion receptors that can bind up to two calcium ions

Question 34

Muscle contraction can only occur when __________

Answer 34

Calcium ions bind to troponin, changing the configuration of the TTC complex and exposing the G-actin active sites

Question 35

Thick filaments contain ________

Answer 35

Myosin

Question 36

The tails of thick filaments orient towards the _________

Answer 36

M-line of the sarcomere

Question 37

The H-band lacks ______

Answer 37

myosin heads

Question 38

Myosin heads on thick filaments project outward to the ________?

Answer 38

Thin filaments to form cross bridges

Question 39

What is the myosin hinge?

Answer 39

The connection between the myosin head and tail that allow the head to pivot (key to contraction)

Question 40

Each thick filament has a core of____? What does it do?

Answer 40

Titin The titin filament extends out the end of the thick filament and connects to actin of the Z- line

Question 41

Thick filaments are capable of______?

Answer 41

elastic recoil

Question 42

What is the sliding filament theory

Answer 42

Thin filaments of sarcomeres slide toward the M line, alongside thick filaments The width of the A band stays the same, the Z lines move closer together