Special Senses (Vision)

Question 1

What does the lens consist of

Answer 1

Concentric layers of precisely organized calls, avascular

Question 2

What are lens fibers filled with

Answer 2

Crystalline proteins

Question 3

What are cataracts

Answer 3

The accumulations of misshapen proteins, leading to blurred vision

Question 4

Senile cataracts are due to

Answer 4

Accumulation with age

Question 5

Congenital cataracts are due to

Answer 5

Genetics

Question 6

What does the fibrous layer of the eye consist of

Answer 6

Sclera
Cornea
Corneal limbus

Question 7

What is the sclera

Answer 7

White of the eye
Collagen

Question 8

What is the cornea

Answer 8

Covers the iris, organized collagen fibers

Question 9

What is the corneal limbus

Answer 9

The border between the cornea and sclera

Question 10

What is the function of the eye fibrous layer

Answer 10

Protect and support the eye
Attachment point for the muscles of the eye

Question 11

__________ is vascularized

Answer 11

The sclera

Question 12

The cornea is packed with ________

Answer 12

Sensory nerve endings

Question 13

What makes up the vascular layer

Answer 13

Iris, ciliary bodies, choroid, intrinsic eye muscles, aqueous humor fluid

Question 14

The iris has no ________

Answer 14

Epithelial covering

Question 15

What makes up the Uvea

Answer 15

Highly vascular, loose connective tissue with scattered fibroblasts and melanocytes

Question 16

Eye color is determined by

Answer 16

Number of melanosomes in the iris

Question 17

What is the retina

Answer 17

The inner layer of the eye

Question 18

What is the macula

Answer 18

Where light is focused after entering cornea
Where cones are concentrated

Question 19

What is the fovea centralis

Answer 19

Center of the macula, highest concentration of cones
Site of sharpest vision

Question 20

What is the optic disc

Answer 20

Convergence of sensory axons, creates the blind spot

Question 21

What is the retina

Answer 21

The inner layer of of the eye

Question 22

What are the layers of the retina

Answer 22

Choroid
Pigmented part of retina
Rods and Cones
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells

Question 23

What do Rods allow us to see

Answer 23

black and white

Question 24

What do cones allow us to see

Answer 24

Trichroma color cones
Red
Green
Blue

Question 25

What cells respond to brightness

Answer 25

Retinal ganglion cells

Question 26

Sense organs carry messages about the environment to?

Answer 26

the central nervous system

Question 27

What are receptors

Answer 27

sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli

Question 28

What are the eyelids

Answer 28

Folds of surface ectoderm above and below the cornea The eyelids fuse at the beginning of the second trimester and reopen at the beginning of the third trimester

Question 29

What is the purpose of lacrymal secretions?

Answer 29

provide nutrients and oxygen to the corneal surfaces Also contain antibacterial lysozyme and antibodies

Question 30

What is the function of the conjunctiva

Answer 30

covers the inner membranes of the eye lids and outer surface of the eye socket Extends to the cornea of the eyeball

Question 31

What is conjunctivitis

Answer 31

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 32

What are the three layers of the eye

Answer 32

outer fibrous laye intermediate vascular layer deep inner layer

Question 33

What are the 2 cavity divisions of the eyeball

Answer 33

large posterior cavity smaller anterior cavity

Question 34

the anterior and posterior cavities are filled with?

Answer 34

aqueous humor

Question 35

The posterior chamber consists of both aqueous humor and _________

Answer 35

vitreous humor

Question 36

what is the purpose of vitreous body and humor

Answer 36

prevents distortion of the eye as extrinsic muscles pull on it

Question 37

The vitreous body is cellular, why?

Answer 37

to maintain its “jelly” consistency through the production of collagen and proteoglycans

Question 38

What is the function of intraoccular pressure

Answer 38

maintains the shape of the eyeball and position of the retina

Question 39

where is aqueous humor produced

Answer 39

epithelial cells of the cilliary body

Question 40

What is the canal of schlemm

Answer 40

scleral venous sinus

Question 41

What is glaucoma

Answer 41

increased pressure in the eye cause by blocked drainage of aqueous humor

Question 42

What is accomodation

Answer 42

The automatic adjustment of the lens shape y the ciliary muscles

Question 43

Light is _____ as it passes through the lens

Answer 43

refracted

Question 44

Lens and pupil are innervated by _________?

Answer 44

The parasympathetic nerves of the oculomotor nerve

Question 45

What is the near point of vision

Answer 45

The inner limit of focal ability, dictated by the elasticity of the lens

Question 46

__________ becomes stiffer with age

Answer 46

Near point of vision

Question 47

What does a relaxed lens look like

Answer 47

Zonular fibers tight Ciliary muscles relaxed Lens flattens

Question 48

What does an accomodated lens look like

Answer 48

Zonular fibers are relaxed Ciliary muscles contract Lens becomes rounder

Question 49

How does the emmetropic (normal eye) refract light

Answer 49

Light comes directly to the retina

Question 50

How does the myopic eye refract light

Answer 50

The point of focus is in front of the retina, making far away objects appear blurred

Question 51

How does a hyperopic eye refract light

Answer 51

The point of focus is behind the retina, making close objects appear blurry